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The Development of Housing in Beeston, Nottinghamshire
During our exploration of the various aspects of Beeston's history elsewhere on this site, we have described its transition from a area of open fields with a small central area that housed
the majority of its population to a dynamic town that had expanded to all of its boundaries. That transition, which started in the 19th century and continued in to the 20th, was fueled by improvements
in communication links - both road and rail - and the eventual spectacular increase in manufacturing activity made possible by available space for the development of factories, a new feature which replaced traditional
cottage-based working. And too, Beeston's position relative to the big Midlands cities, notably nearby Nottingham, where late enclosure led to space for development becoming extremely scarce there, led
to Beeston becoming a favourable alternative for industrial development and as a dormitory suburb.
Over the 19th century as a whole, Beeston's population grew nine-fold, from less than 1000 to almost 9000, and was to reach over 16,000 by 1931. Clearly. this had meant an increasing need
to provide houses for this spectacular increase in the population - and a relatively affluent one too. This then, is the story of how that need for housing in Beeston was met.
Beeston in 1800 -
When the 19th century opened, almost the whole population of Beeston lived in and immediately around the old village core, an area of relatively small crofts where the majority of its just over 900 residents - mostly artisans,
small shopkeepers and labourers - had their homes and eked out a living. The area (shown right, in 1820 1) was loosely bounded to the north by what is
now the High Road - then the Nottingham to Sawley Turnpike - and, to the south, by what is now Nether Street. To the west, it took in the area of what is now West End, close to where the church has stood since ancient times,
and, to the east, it extended little further than the end of the present High Road. In the main, the houses were simple and relatively scattered amongst the arrangement of crofts and were largely focused on what became
established streets between what is now High Road and Middle Street. Sanitation would have been primitive and wells would have provided water. The homes included some that had the many-windowed upper floors that were a feature
of framework knitters' cottages. There were a few, grander, exceptions including the Manor House on Market Street (now Middle Street), the ancient Vicarage and houses on the West End, but these were very much the exception.
All around that relatively small central area, were open fields, mostly still unenclosed and subject to tithes, with just an occasional farm house or cottage. It is said that from the house at the top of Dovecote Lane
(now on the corner of Manor Avenue) there were no houses until the lock keeper's cottage at the canal, where there was also a tiny community of framework knitters and canal workers. To the north, all was
open fields, again with just an occasion cottage, although sections of land had recently been acquired by the banker, John Fellows, who had been attracted by the view from the higher ground.
The Basis for Change -
In 1809, following the passing of an Act of Parliament in 1806 which authorised enclosure, the ownership of sections of Beeston's ancient open fields that had been held in common, subject to tithes - some 822 acres -
were allocated to the three tithe owners - the Vicar, Henry Cavendish and Rev Peter Strey Broughton - and to forty-eight individuals who had held rights in common. The Vicar also received an allocation in lieu of
his glebe rights and there was an allocation to the poor of Beeston. Although there were undoubtedly short-term losers in this process, the land, now free of tithes and other burdens was available, in the
longer term, for other uses - an obvious requirement if Beeston was to develop its economy away from dependence on agriculture and framework knitting, an already failing cottage industry. Another clear
advantage gained by the enclosure was its definition of a basic road structure which replaced the now outdated ancient tracks. Now a total of 1½ acres were assigned to road and defined pathway
use and the road widths were prescribed, though perhaps not generously. The width of the Nottingham/Derby turnpike (now Derby Road) was set at 50 feet, the Sawley Turnpike (now High Road) at 40 feet and Cowgate
(now Wollaton Road) at only 30 feet. Basic and far away from what we would expect of roads today that they were, they at least provided the basis of an 'escape' from the village core which had the potential for
industrial and housing development throughout the wider Beeston.
Although Enclosure was an important pre-requisite of Beeston's economic transformation, and certainly encouraged and improved agriculture as well, it was not a factor that showed itself greatly, in terms of housing, over the next thirty years or so - although, as we will see,
there were a few significant exceptions. The overall picture was of a time when the traditional home-based framework knitters were reduced to extreme poverty with their housing showing distinct signs of decay - especially
in areas where there was a concentration of their cottages. Dwellings occupied by knitters in The City, a very early part of the central core, were already very old, in a very bad shape and essentially unfit for habitation.
The ancient almshouses, called Poor Row, at the side of the Parish Church had become so dilapidated that they were pulled down when the church was rebuilt in 1843/4. And, the silk mill, opened in 1826, offered only
low-paid employment, appealing mainly to young, predominantly female workers as an alternative to their traditional role in the frame knitting trade. As a result, it lead to a minimal amount of associated new housing -
perhaps little more that the small area of low-grade housing in Mill Yard which appeared adjacent to the mill.
But during that time there were some signs of progress, driven by the early attempts, largely in the 1820s, to take advantage of the rise of machine-made lace. At this stage, the machines were similar in
scale to knitting frames and therefore - and perhaps inevitably - led to an overheated, boom/bust period of "twist-net fever" alongside the traditional and declining knitters. This involved two areas of housing
development, still within or on the fringes of the old village core. Homes and associated workshops appeared on Villa Street which expanded to include Cross Street, an area which was later to become the site
of the Pollard family's Swiss Mills. On the other side of the village core, Chapel Street 2 was opened up with two Methodist chapels a feature, alongside
both housing and workshops, with Henry Kirkland a key innovator. Of particular significance was the creation, by the incomer, William Vickers, later joined by William Felkin, of an early, small lace factory at the northern end
of Villa Street 3. Although short lived, it set a precedent which led later to industrial innovation by incomers, using the abundance of available land within
Beeston overall. The Vickers/Felkin initiative inevitable led to demand for housing to accommodate the workers, some of which were incomers. As a result, housing began to appear on Butchers Lane (Previously Cowgate and now
Wollaton Road), particularly on the west side, opposite where the Vickers/Felkin factory had appeared. This was on land that had been allocated by the Enclosure to Rev. Peter Strey Broughton, a descendent of Richard Strey,
the last of Beeston's squires. In 1851, he sold it to Samuel Herrick Surplice who, in 1853, sold it to the then Beeston silk mill owners, John Watson and Francis Butcher Gill and was to include the housing on Wollaton Road
as far as Dennison Street 4
In 1839 the Nottingham to Derby railway arrived in Beeston and had the immediate effect of making Beeston potentially visible to the outside world - and, indeed, increasing Beeston's awareness of the world beyond its
boundaries. These were eventually to become vital contributors to the town's development and to its attraction as a place to live. Nottingham, its close neighbour, unlike Beeston. was unable to extend into the unenclosed
fields that surrounded it and, as a result, had become grossly overcrowded and an unattractive place to make home 5. Consequently, those who could afford to do
so soon discovered the convenience of commuting by train to a house they had build or found in Beeston. As a direct result, a number of distinctive, villa-type homes soon appeared around the station and became early examples
of Beeston as a dormitory suburb and can still be recognised today despite their tendency to have been converted to multiple occupancy, nursing homes or small hotels. The development tucked away at the side of the north platform
of the station, known as Station Villas, which began to be developed shortly after the railway arrived, is perhaps the best example that remains relatively untouched with some properties retaining their private access gates onto
the station platform 6.
The 1841 census provides us with an indication of any changes that had occurred in Beeston and its housing and environment generally over the first four decades of the century. And. it is clear that, despite the major changes
in its infrastructure, they had been resulted in only minor changes in housing and everyday life so far. Nevertheless, the population, now numbering about 2800, making up nearly 600 households, had more than doubled over the
past thirty years and it may have have been encouraging to note that about a quarter of the heads of household had been born outside of the county - perhaps indicating that Beeston was becoming relatively attractive to
outsiders. Nevertheless, despite the relatively minor changes in housing trends we have identified, the distribution of the population was largely as it was in 1809 - mostly resident in the old village core surrounded by
large areas of open fields to the north and south. The wide gap between the top of Dovecote (now, for the time being, graced with the name 'Top of the Town') and the small canal side community, was changed only by the coming
of the railway. More encouraging were some indications that its pioneering lace making activities represented an alternative to the reliance on framework knitting and that the experiments that had been made towards factory
working, despite a setback which was to continue for another twenty or thirty years, still remained the hope for the future prosperity of Beeston - and therefore, its housing.
Real Progress at Last - in the event, it wasn't until the last quarter of the 19th century that progress in the form of structured housing developments appeared. Beeston was then beginning to define its future with major initiatives in
the lace trade, led by Frank Wilkinson and John Pollard, beginning to drive a demand for more housing. As we have already mentioned, housing for the regular workforce, mostly terraced housing in the Wollaton Road area had already
appeared and was broadly covering that need. But, some saw the need to improve standards to attract the aspiring profesionnal and entrepreneurial members of the population who were part of the new industry or would also be attracted
to Beeston by its open spaces, relative to the increasingly over populated cities, a phenomenum that had already been demonstrated by the appearnce of villa-type housing around the railway station, built for commuters seeking an escape
from overcrowded Nottingham. Parcels of land in Beeston that would build on these early iniatives appeared regularly in the Nottingham newspapers, often mentioning that they "command beautiful views" - an indication of how the outer areas of the village
were still largely undeveloped and still offering attractive views down to the river.
In the closing the years of the 1870s, extending in to the early years of the 1880s, three significant housing developments got underway to the west of the village core and became defining features of the wider community. The effect
of these newcomers to the Beeston scene can clearly be seen on the map, shown right, dated around 1890. The first of these developments, launched in 1877, was the St Johns Grove Estate, centered on what is now Devonshire Avenue. There, just
over 21 acres of land were acquired by a group of local investors, mostly businessmen, who formed The Beeston Land Society for that purpose.
The land had been allocated to The Vicar at the time of the Enclosure in 1809, in lieu of his ancient right of tithes but was now effectively in the control of The Church Commissioners for England who now agreed to sell the land
with terms and restrictions set out in the deed dated 9 August 1877. The price was £3,761 8s 2d (about £350,000 in todays values) which was paid, along with the cost of laying out the development, by the members of the Society. In turn,
they were each allocated one or more of the 28 plots of land. The cost of laying out of the roads - Devonshire Avenue, Elm Avenue, Newcastle Avenue, Vicarage Street, Cavendish Place, Glebe Street and a small section, then known as Glebe
Street North, which later became the southern end of Bramcote Road - were to be met by the subscribers. Only residential building were allowed and they were required to meet a stiputalated minimum rental value. Building lines were defined
and boundary walls or hedges were required to be provided by occupiers. No steam engines, factories, public houses, beer-houses, dissenting chapels or public elementary schools were allowed to be built. It was to be a private estate with access
restricted to residents, visitors and servants. It is believed that, in these early days, access was restricted by gates, similar to those that still exist at The Park Estate in Nottingham. One possible reminder of the early days of the
development was the provision of a metal horse trough at the Chilwell Road end of Devonshire Avenue. Probably provided for the use of trademen's horses, outside the gate, it survived until sometime in the 1950s and is well remembered by older
local residents.
The Society was to be managed by a small group of of Trustees, James Butler, Joseph Orchard and William Roberts who, along with William Flewitt, Benjamin Collington, Francis Wilkinson, William Kirkland and Robert Lowe, all of them subscribers,
formed the initial management committee, responsibile for approving any buildings on the development, ensuring that the roads were kept in good order and setting an annual rate requiring the plot owners to pay the costs involved. There
were rules for replacing committee members and two of their number to retire and be replaced each year, after the early years. They were required to appoint a Secretary, who was initially Robert Hogg, and a Treasurer, initially
James Butler. The Secretary was to be paid an appropriate fee.
Details of the original investors, Trustees and Committee may be seen HERE
Almost all of the initial buyers appear not to have any intention of building and living on the land that they now owned but, in seems, treated it as an investment to sell-on. As the typical plot of land in the development was unusually
large - over 3000 square yards - the scope for finding an end buyer for what was a relatively rich person's location was, it seems. limited, the typical aspiring person's housing need which was soon being met by the nearby more competitive
Imperial Park and Belle Vue developments. Whilst it may have initially been intended that each plot would be the site for a grand house - and the committee was tasked to ensure that - this seems to have been compromised over the years when
the original plots were sub-divided and more modest houses were built. More recently, the large plot sizes have allowed infilling with homes not always in keeping with the original. In the event, the earliest buildings were often semi-detached
villas but much of the original intention in the form of stylish, individual houses did begin to appear over time.
What could be seen as a strange road arrangement at the eastern end of Glebe Street which involves a very sharp bend. perhaps needs some explanation. It was originally laid out that way to accommodate the traditional route of the ancient
path to Bramcote, shown clearly on the plan (right), that ran from Chilwell Road from where Foster Avenue now stands, up to the time it effectively became built over and relationised in the 1930s. Then, its diagonal route across the
Foster land that was being developed was realigned around the site of the Roundhill Infants School, finishing where it met the end of Glebe Street. The route from there to the still existing path off Bramcote Drive and alongside the golf course
first became an issue when the St Johns Grove development was being designed and continued to be an issue when other housing developments to the north were being planned. The Beeston Land Society had put its proposal to the Local Board in August
1877 and, after consideration it was agreed that the route of the path should be incorporated into what was at first Glebe Street North and later became part of Bramcote Road as other developments resulted in it being extended, sometime running
at an angle in controst to the otherwise more formal 'up-and-across' road pattern of the new development. The resulting, extremely tight, bend at the end of Glebe Street became a particular obstacle when, in 1971-2, there was a proposal to
construct a northern ring road to take traffic around Beeston, complementing the southern ring road that had recently been formed by extending Middle Street to Chilwell Road. Somewhat remarkably - and very controversially at the time - this
£100,000 proposal involved routing traffic up Devonshire Avenue and via Glebe Street, Bramcote Road, Park Street, Broughton Street, Abbey Road and Marlborough Road to join the junction of High Road and Humber Road. Clearly, the junction of Glebe
Street and Bramcote Road was an obstacle to this being in any way practical so, in preparation, the Council acquired and demolished no. 2 Glebe Street that had been semi-detached with no. 4. The scheme continued to be controversial, both with
affected householders and more widely. A public meeting on 12 January 1972 filled the Roundhill School Hall and only two of that large number voted in favour of the plans and it was eventually dropped by the Council
7. The site of No. 2 was landscaped and the course of the road still passes around it, as it was originally laid out.
Somewhat ironically, this pair of houses - nos 2 and 4 Glebe Street - appear to have been the first to be built on the development, apparently for James Butler on the section of Plot 27 facing the northern end of Devonshire Avenue, being one
of the plots allocated to him when the Society was formed. As Butler continued to live on Middle Street during his lifetime, it seems that he rented the properties to others with Maria Oldrini, the widow of the late Vicar of Beeston being the
tenant, along with her daughter Jessie and with the help of a domestic servant 8, up to her death in February 1903. After James Butler died in 1893 (see details of his life by
following the link to the investors, above) Charlotte, his widow, continued to live on Middle Street for the time being, before moving to live at number 2 9, with her aged mother,
Charlotte Gent and with the help of two domestic servants when the property became available in 1903. In the event, Charlotte Butler died in March 1912 and was buried with her husband in Beeston cemetery where their
memorial survives. Her mother was to continued to live there until he own death in December 1915. She is also buried in Beeston cemetery where, again, her
memorial survives.
The adjoining house at No 4 was occupied in similar circumstances in these early years, becoming the eventual home of Catherine Taylor, the widow of her second husband, John Taylor who had died in 1876 10.
She died in September 1914 after which, it appears, the property was occupied by Herbert John Adcock, a representative for a stationery company, who later moved, with his family, to live at 'Charnwood' - no 8 Newcastle Avenue.
In these early days of the development, almost all of the house building took place on its periphery - including Glebe Street, as we have seen - rather than on the two main roads, Devonshire Avenue and Elm Avenue. Soon after the appearance of the pair
of houses on Glebe Street, a pair of semi-detached villas were built for Robert Hogg on part of Plot 6 on the north side of Cavendish Place that he had acquired when the Society was formed. Happily, having married his second wife, Louisa Ward (née
Deakin) in September 1877, the couple were to make this their home 11. Two children were born to the couple before Louisa's early death in 1889.
Not surprisingly, the plots on Chilwell Road were an early target. Plot 2, on the eastern corner of Devonshire Avenue and opposite the Parish Church, had been acquired by Rufus Sisson who had prospered as the landlord of the Prince of Wales Inn on the
High Road, had developed a thriving cab business and had acquired a portfolio of shop premises on the High Road 12. By 1881, having retired he set out to build a pair of villas on the Chilwell
Road land and moved to live there with his family at some point prior to 1891 13. To further his sporting interests he developed the land on the corner of Devonshire Avenue as a tennis court. Sadly,
all this was brought to an end by his death in April 1894. The pair of villas, now 10/12 Chilwell Road, are today occupied by a nursery school and professional offices. The land on the corner became the site of 2 Devonshire Avenue, built for Horace Barlow who, with
his father Joseph, was a principal in the firm of J Barlow & Company, which operated as hosiery manufactures on nearby Foster Avenue. After Horace's death in 1979, Florence, his widow, continued to live at their Devonshire Avenue home until her death in 1983. It
is now the Beeston offices of Ellis-Fermor & Negus, solicitors.
Plot 3, also opposite the Parish Church, is positioned between Plot 2 and what was part of the adjoining Foster property, was allocated originally to Robert Lowe who, it appears had by about 1890, sold it to the well-known local lace making entrepreneur,
Francis Wilkinson who had built Oban House there, the imposing property that still stands today. Unfortunately, in April 1892, Wilkinson faced a major setback when his Wollaton Road factory was destroyed by fire for the second time and his subsequent
efforts to build the replacement factory that still stands today, strained his finances to the point that he was forced to sell Oban House, along with other assets 14. The property was acquired
by Reuben Reader, a manufacturing engineer, who was to live there with his wife and family until about 1913 15, before his death in 1915. The next occupants, who lived there between 1913 and 1924,
were the family of Robert Paling. Robert, born in Beeston in November 1880 was one of eight children born to Robert and Rebecca (née Allen) Paling. Two of his brothers, George and Frank, became well-established and well-known as green-grocers in Beeston while
Robert became well-established as a lace manufacturer with machines in Beeston and Long Eaton. In 1902, he had married Eleanor Ann Ebblewhite, the eldest daughter of James Storey Ebblewhite and his wife Isabella (née Todner). James was an early resident of St
Johns Grove at, 'Hesleden' 21 Devonshire Avenue where they moved to in about 1910 and was to live there up to his death in 1952. During the Great War, Robert became the Officer in Command of the Beeston & Chilwell Company of the Notts Volunteer Regiment, one part of
a life-time of service to the community given by him and his wife, who did hospital work during the war with the Red Cross of which she was a long-time member. In about 1924, the moved to Muriel Road, Beeston which was, perhaps a property more in line with their
changing needs and continued to serve the community up to their respective deaths, Robert in January 1961 and Eleanor in November in the following year. In 1926, Oban House was bought by Dr Winifred Alice Melland Thompson. Born in Ilkeston, Derbyshire in April 1898,
the second of five children born to John Ralph Melland Thompson and his second wife Alice (née Melland). In 1922, she had graduated as a doctor in London and now, after the usual hospital experience, she had settled in Beeston to become its first female General
Practitioner, from her home at Oban House. She became exceptionally well accepted in the community and went on to serve Beeston for over 40 years. After she retired in 1967, Oban House was sold to he local Council and housed the Social Services Department. In 1999,
the property was sold to Bridgeway Consulting Ltd, the present owners, providing assurance and compliance consultancy, largely to the rail industry, and was based there up to 2008 when they moved to larger premises, leasing Oban House to various non-profit and community
organisations. In retirement, Dr Thompson lived on Bramcote Drive, Beeston and, tragically, was killed while crossing the road to post letters, aged 95.
Similarly, another peripheral part of the development, what was then called Glebe Street North and is nowadays the southern end of Bramcote Road, adjacent to what had been the ancient track from Beeston to Bramcote, also became the site of some
early builds. Plot 28, on the eastern site was one of two plots allocated to Robert Lowe and, by the 1890s had become the site of a row of attractive semi-detached homes that are now 1-15 Bramcote Road. By that date, Lowe and his family occupied the newly-built
detached house at no 17 16. Later, the end section of the plot, on the corner of Glebe Street proper, became the site of 2a Glebe Street (Willoughby Cottage)
So it was that, even by the early years of the 20th century, as this image shows, building on Devonshire Avenue itself had been minimal.
But this was to change when particularly substantial houses began to appear there and elsewhere on the development which remain and are still being added to - and sometimes replaced - to this day. The story of many of these houses and, in particular their early residents may be seen here
It was in July 1878, a year after the launch of St Johns Grove, that Imperial Park, the second of these significant building estate initiatives,, was launched. Organised under the auspices of Beeston Imperial Land Society. it used essentially the same structure, owned by Trustees and managed by a committee with costs
covered by the sale of building plots to investors. One significant difference was the target market of those expected to settle there; while they would still be drawn largely from the striving professional groups, the smaller plot sizes and perhaps slightly less convenient position - and therefore less expensive initial
costs - meant that the location would appeal to a slightly less exclusive group of potential householders. It soon became clear that it was a successful formula when, in contrast to St Johns Grove, virtually all the Imperial Park plots had been built on within the first twenty years or so.
The land that the estate was laid out on was part of an allocation (Piece 66), at the time of the 1809 Enclosure, to William Charlton - likely the then new Squire of Chilwell and occupant of Chilwell Hall, following the death of his father, Thomas Charlton in 1808. In February 1814, he had married Emma Broughton, the daughter of
Revd. Peter Strey Broughton, of Tunstall Hall, Market Drayton, Shropshire who had inherited the Beeston lands and tithes from his uncle, Richard Strey, the last of the direct line of Streys, who died in 1797. It appears likely that it was through this connection that the land had, by the time of the sale to Beeston Imperial Land
Society, become part owned by Peter Broughton, the son of Peter Strey Broughton, the other joint owner being John Tayleur who lived at Buntingsdale Hall, also in Market Drayton 17. The land was conveyed to three Trustees on behalf of the Society :
- Samuel Kirkby - was born in 1848, in Beeston, the son of Peter and Rebecca (née Allen) Kirkby. He was, in every way, the epitome of the type of aspirational person who was attracted by the type of environment offered by Imperial Park. At an early age he had became clerk to the local gas company and was eventually to
be appointed its Company Secretary - a position of some considerable prestige He was an accomplished pianist and was to serve as choirmaster and organist at the Parish Church. In 1874, he had married Annie Thornhill, the eldest child of William Thornhill, the well-establised Beeston tailor who was himself a leading figure
and investor in Imperial Park. The couple and their family of seven were to evenutally move to live out their lives at 47 Imperial Road, part of the estate that he and his father-in-law had helped to create 18. He died in September 1915 followed, in April
 1931 by his widow. They are buried together in Beeston Cemetery.
- Thomas Bark - was born in Beeston in about 1821, the son of Thomas & Alice (née Cox) Bark. Both he and, it seems, his parents before him, lived out their lives in The City, then an area of decaying homes in the Beeston's old central village core, populated by framework knitters, like Thomas, who were then struggling to make a
living 19. Unusually, Thomas, it seems was the owner of more than one of these homes 20 but, it also seems, he perhaps hoped for a better home environment. In the event, he was never able to
make the move and died in February 1897, followed by his widow in 1904, still living at The City. His memorial, though damaged, survives in Beeston Cemetery.
- Thomas Newstead - was born in about 1832, in Nottinghamshire, the son of Francis and Eliza (née Hunt) Newstead. As a boy, he also lived at The City, Beeston where his father toiled as a framework knitter 21. Later, he worked as a gardener. In 1854,
he married Lydia Cross and they set up home in Cottage Grove, Chilwell and, by 1871, appears to have been trading there as a nurseryman and florest 22. As we will see, Thomas left home in the late 1870s, after which nothing is known of him. Lydia, however,
continued with the business from Cedar Cottage, Cottage Grove 23.
Unfortunately, as we have seen, Newstead had left his home in August 1879, and it had not then been possible to find him. Consequently, it had been necessary, in July 1880, to petition the High Court of Justice, Chancery Division 24, so that he could be
replaced by:
- Henry Knowles - who was born in Beeston in about 1838, the son of Thomas and Elizabeth (née Kirkland) Knowles. He spent all his working life as a stone mason. At first he lived with his parents on Union Street, Beeston and then, after his marriage to Eliza Lowe, the daughter of George and Sarah (née Peel) Lowe,
in October 1863, they made their home on Cox's Lane (now City Road), Beeston 25. By 1891, however, they had moved to live on Imperial Road 26
but, sadly, Henry died, in March 1897. at the relatively young age of 58. Eliza died in March 1918 and she and her husband are buried in Beeston Cemetery with her father, George Lowe who died in 1890.
The Imperial Park site was positioned between the western boundary of St Johns Grove and the Chilwell boundary, with the already mature Cottage Grove estate, dating from 1848, on the Chilwell side. To the north was land belonging to George Fellows and to the south was the then recently built Beeston Orphange (now the site
of Silverwood Nursing Home) and an area of land which soon became a further area of housing, mainly of semi-detached villas, centered at what was then Broughton Road and was later renamed as a continuation of Imperial Road and taking in Collington and Harcourt Streets. It appears that it was owned and probably developed by Charles
Wickins Simkins (c1830-1897), a successful butcher who traded in The Shables in Nottingham 27. This additional development was itself a very useful addition to Beeston's housing stock. Imperial Park itself, consisted of 56 building plots, shown right, each of around
900-950 square yards with three roads running from the north-west to the south-east. Originally, these were named Thornhill Street, Hampton Street and Cromwell Street but were to become, respectively, Imperial Raid. Hampton Grove and Cromwell Road, as they are today. Two cross roads, North Street and Ireton Street, remain as they were
orignally named.
As was the case with St Johns Grove, it is probable that plots of land were allocated to members of the Beeston Imperial Land Society in exchange for their respective investment - which would include the costs of the roads and the costs of servicing the building plots - and that, in many cases, they were acquired as an investment to
be sold on. Indeed, advertisements soon appeared in the local papers, advertising individual plots for sale at around £125 each 28.
A new facility which arose from the marketing of Imperial Park was the Beeston Mutual Permanent Building Society which provided a mechanism by which members could invest their savings on a regular basis and, sooner or later, become entiled to borrow to buy a house. It was formed in about 1880 and, by 1883, it had 300 members and was managed by five 'arbitrators',
a committee of six, four 'stewards' and two auditors 29. Its officers and officials were :
- Secretary : Samuel Kirkby - who we have already seen, was a trustee of the Imperial Park development, an early resident there and a son-in-law of William Thornhill
- Treasurer : William Flewitt - who we have also seen as a investor and Trustee of the Beeston Land Society. After developing a very succesful plumbing business he went
to also manage the White Lion Inn in Beeston - where the Building Society hold its meetings in its early days. It seems though that this all became too much and he died, aged only 57, in
December 1882. His son, Edward Flewitt, was elected to replace him 30. In 1892, he was replaced by 'W Owen', probably William Owen, then a wood turner
who traded on Villa Street 31 who, before his death in 1898, had moved to a house on Enfield Street. The position was was then taken over by Arthur Kirkland,
the youngest son of the well-known lace manufacturer and active Wesleyan Methodist, William Kirkland. Arthur was born in Beeston in May 1853 and worked, at first, in an insurance office and later in an auction house
before joining the family lace business 32. Then, in about 1894. he took up the position of assistant rate collector and assistant overseer as well as
becoming extemely active in charity work, particularly during the Great War. In April 1882, he married Hannah Isabella Owen and they went on to have two daughters and to later move to live at Columbia Villas, 70 Imperial
Road, Beeston. He died in March 1936, some 14 years after his wife's early death in 1922. They are buried together, with their eldest daughter, in Beeston Cemetery where their
memorial survives. He had served as Secretary to the Society until it closed down in 1911 - of which, more is written below.
- Charles Stroud acted as the Society's Solicitor : a resident of Lilac Grove, Beeston 33, he practiced as a solicitor in Nottingham. He paid an
active part in Beeston as Clerk to the Local Board.
- George Goodwin, who served as Surveyer in the early days of the Society, was an estate agent, the son of a Derbyshire farmer, who had then recently settled in Beeston with his wife and family, with a home
in The City, Beeston 34. Sadly, he died in 1892 and his family moved away and he was replaced by George Burnham, born in 1848, the second son of Edward
& Ann (née Cooling). By then, George was the principle member of his generation within th well-known this family of joiners based in Villa Street, Beeston. More about this interesting family, whose business connections,
beside the joinery and associated undertakers business, included the Royal Oak public house and Elliots butchers shop, may be seen here George died in August 1910 and was buried
in Beeston Cemetery. His memorial and that of his wife Mary Hannah (née Hudston) who he had married in 1869, and several of their six children can be seen here
The building society movement has its roots in the 18th century and societies took various forms before they became more formally organised by legislation which began with the Friendly Societies Act of 1793 and later by the
Building Societied Acts of 1836 and 1874 It arose from groups within society that, in general, embraced the concept of mutual aid or 'self-help' that also saw the continuing popularity of sick and annual clubs. money
clubs, burial clubs and the like. Typically, and some would say ironically, these tended to meet in inns and public houses and many of the local building socieies - including Beeston - were to do the same. Early societies
were operated as 'terminating' organisations and, despite many 'tweeks' to the method of operation over the years, tended to suffer from difficulties of building up the required funds to satisfy all their members' needs in
the society's early days against, conversely. the build up of surplus funds in its later years. By the middle of the 19th century, to address these issues, the 'Permanent Society' which provided for the reinvestment of
funds, in an infinate cycle, as they were repaid over time, became popular, particularly alongside land societies. This was the model that was adopted by the Beeston society 35.
Various methods were used, across the societies, to determine the allocation of the granting of mortgage advances. Holding a draw amongst members to determine who was to be given an advance was perhaps the most widespread but
bidding for advances was also a method that was used, with those willing to pay the highest sum getting an earlier loan. In fact, the Beeston society appears to have used each of these methods alongside
each other. At the Annual Meeting in 1883 36, it was reported that five ballots and six 'sales' (i.e. presumably of the right to a loan) had been held in the
previous years. in 1891 37, four ballots and three 'sales' were reported. Presumably, it was in this area that the 'arbitrators' came into play. At the same time, on the face of it, the society was in a good financial position - in 1883, it reported assets of £4,646 and 143 new
shareholders during the preceding year and in 1891 it reported receipts during the past years of £1,833, loan advances of £900, withdrawals of £218 and a bank balance of £678.
The Beeston society was to continue operation for 31 years, providing mortgage loans for purchasers of houses in Imperial Park, in Bellevue Park which followed and possibly elsewhere. On the face of things, its finances
continuing to appear strong throughout but this, as we will see, was to have been an illusion when it was discovered that its accounting principles had a significant flaw such that the society had unknowingly become insolvent.
In fact it was a flaw that had shown itself already in other societies that had now shown itself in the Beeston society. It had become apparent by September 1911, when an Extraordinary meeting of the Society was called to discuss this urgent
issue. Some of the key figures had resigned and the meeting was now chaired by Harry Amos Price, the highly respected stationer and printer who had traded on the High Road for many years. Also present was Mr W Robinson
38 who had been appointed Secretary in April 1911, replacing Arthur Kirkland who had resigned after reporting figures that showed a deficit of £426 but later withdrew
them - although Mr Robinson confirmed them as the figures in the books. The Chairman, having studied the books, had concluded that the deficit was in the region of £500, though he wished to emphasise that nobody had unlawfully 'run
off with the money' although, it was alledged, by some, that there had been mis-management by those in charge.
However, Mr E Stevens 39, who spoke at the meeting, appears to have grasped the key error in the accounting priciples that had been used over the years, where the
Society had valued its mortgage assets as the total that would be repaid over time which had the effect of anticipating profits. These 'profits' had, over time, justified the repayment of members deposits which, in turn. caused
the clearly visible deficit they were then faced with. He gave a telling demonstration of the problem by quoting the figures behind his own mortgage, perhaps one of the Society's largest, on which he owed £700-£800. But, it was
included in the balance sheet at £1,656 being the total abount he would pay over the full term of the mortgage. If, however, he paid it off now, only the current balance would be due leaving a balance in the books of around £900
that would never be payable. He contended that the method had been wrong from the beginning and that Mr Kirkland had simply followed his predecessors and the present position was the inevitable eventual result.
After much discussion, the meeting agreed to place the Society in the hands oftwo trustees (W Robinson, the present Secretary and Mr F Stokes, a Nottingham Chartered Accountant. They were to be supported by a committee made up
of Mr E Stevens, Harry Price and Mr H Charlton. They were tasked with providing a recommendation within 28 days and to present it to a public meeeting 40. This, it
seems was achieved, and the Society ceased its operations. It was an unfortuate end to a brave experiment which had provided a useful service over the 31 years it had operated.
After the early success of the Imperial Park development, a group of individuals, led by some who had been leaders in that initiative, was looking for another, similar investment opportunity, and one that would further advance the
provision of housing in Beeston. The obvious place to look for land was to the north of St Johns Grove and Imperial Park where there was a large area of open, arable land. Bounded on the east by Wollaton Road and to the north by
a track that is now Bramcote Drive. It was then owned by George Fellows, the latest in that family who owned and lived at Belle Vue, the large home on the high ground to the north. This house and the land down to Bramcote Drive
is now Beeston Fields Golf Club 41.
It was the grandfather of George Fellows, John Fellows (1756-1823), a wealthy Nottingham silk merchant who, when on a visit to Stapleford was impressed by the view over Beeston towards the Trent valley that he saw while walking in
the area of what is now Beeston Fields golf club. As a result, the family began to purchase land in the area, and this was eventually to take in not only the land that has already been described but that to the north that is now
the golf course. John Fellows founded Fellows & Hart, a private bank that had its offices on Bridlesmith Gate in Nottingham 42 that was also to involve other family
members, including his son John’s son, Alfred Thomas (1790-1862) and, in turn, his son George (1845-1923). It was Alfred who had built the grand house – named “Belle Vue” to celebrate the view that had attracted his father to the area
- completed in 1837, using bricks made on site.
At the time of Alfred Thomas death in 1862 43, his property, on which Bellevue stood, extended as far as what is now Bramcote Drive and was left in trust for his
three sons – Henry 44, John and George – as tenants in common. In 1866, the brothers were able to extend the property southwards when they purchased a group of four
parcels of arable land, totalling some 35 acres which they purchased from John Watson and Francis Butcher Gill 45. In 1873, John died, leaving his share equally to his
two brothers. Both married and included their respective wives as joint tenants as part of their marriage settlement 46. George was given the option that he could buy
out his brother and the trust’s interests in the property on payment of £10,250. In July 1880 he did so, paying £6000, having previously settled a mortgage against the property. In turn, he financed the purchase with the proceeds of a
mortgage to two barristers, possibly colleagues of Henry Fellows 47.
On 23 March 1881, George agreed to sell land that was to become the Belle Vue Land Society, to a consortium made up of the following Beeston worthies:
- William Thornhill - the well-known Beeston tailor who had previously headed up the Imperial Park venture.
- William Millington – then the Beeston Postmaster
- Charles Stroud – a Solicitor and Clerk to the Beeston Local Board who lived in Beeston and practiced in Nottingham, who had already played an important role in the Imperial Park venture.
- Samuel Kirkby – a son-in-law of William Thornhill and Clerk to the local gas company, later its Company Secretary. He was a trustee of the Imperial Park development and an early resident there. He also served as Secretary
to the Beeston Mutual Permanent Building Society
It included two ancient closes – ‘Nine Acres’ and ‘New Church Close’ - totalling some 20 acres for which the consortium agreed to pay £7,500 on what were, undoubtedly, attractive terms. They paid a deposit of £100 on signing, agreed
to pay a further £650 by 29 October 1881 with possession at that time. Interest of 5% per annum would apply to the unpaid balance after that date. The development would be laid out in 146 plots which would be conveyed to individual
purchasers after 25% of the overall purchase price has been paid.
George Fellows, who for the time being, continued ownership of the land between the land now sold and what is now Bramcote Lane, continued to live at Belle View, the family home up to 1910 when he sold up and retired
to live at Barrow-upon-Soar, Leicester. Later they moved to Hove, Sussex where George died in 1923, aged 78, followed by Emma in 1936, aged 85. They were both returned for burial in Beeston Cemetery with their youngest child, Gwendoline
Mary who had died in October 1893 aged 5 days. Their memorial survives and can be seen here.
The inaugural meeting of the Beeston Belle Vue Freehold Land Society was held on 12 November 1881 at the White Lion Inn, Beeston. It was agree that its objectives were the purchase of an estate at Beeston and the sub-division of that
estate into 'allotments' (i.e.buiding plots) and roads as shown on the plan and the division of allotments amongst members. Two Trustees were appointed:
- James Butler, of Beeston, surgeon, who we have seen involved with both St Johns Grove and Imperial Park
- Francis Wilkinson, of Beeston, the well known lace manufacturer who built Anglo Scotian Mills and, at his height, was then the biggest maker of lace curtains, possibly in the world.
 A typical plot of 600 square yards, priced at 1s 7½d (about 8½p) per yard would cost £48 15s (£48.75). A deposit of £3 5s (£3.25)
would be required with the balance of £42 10s (£42.50) payable at the rate of 7s 11d (about 40p) per month with interest at 5%. Expenses would be payable extra, per month. Some of the plots were larger than this typical plot - particularly
corner plots which were often 900 square lots and would therefore have a correspondingly higher price. Taken overall, therefore, the total expected from selling all plots at these prices would equate simply to the price paid. In reality, as
the report of the meeting shows, the plots were sold at auction and commanded a substantial premium. It seems that this was an important component of the business model that would have existed in each of the three similar developments that we have
looked at.
Another interesting aspect of the allocation of the acquired land was the apparent apportioning of the whole east side of Montague Street as well as the two corner plots on Park Street, either side of Cromwell Road. to "Thornhill and Others". None
of this land was included in the numbered plots and it seems possible that it was used as a bonus to the organisers of the scheme. Certainly, it is known that William Thornhill built houses on some of this land. The distinctive style he tended to use,
which includes ornately plastered roof gable ends, can still be seen there today.
Through the centre of the development, running roughly east to west, is Enfield Street. In parallel, marking the southern and northern boundary respectively, were Park Street and Dennison Street. Across their western end was Hope Street and across
the easter and was Montague Street, which also connected to a number od existing streets - Broughton Street, Middleton Street, Clinton Street and the earlier part of Dennison Street - that were the result of earlier development by John Watson and
Francis Butcher Gill that we have already touched on. Parrallel to Hope Street was Hartington Street, a continuation of what was then Cromwell Street in Imperial Park. Both were later renamed as Cromwell Road. Also crossing the development was
Bramcote Road, a continuation from a road that was then of the same name in St Johns Grove. Like there, it was required to run at a slight angle, following approximately the path of the ancient path to Bramcote. Both Hope Street and Bramcote Road provided
for possible future extension to the north in the future. Similarly, Park Street and Dennison Street anticipated future extension into Chilwill to the West.
The general meeting. of members (see right), held just days after the inaugural meeting, again at the White Lion, was chaired by Mr Cresswell, then the President of the Society. The main business was the auctioning of Belle Vue plots
which, it it is clear was very well received. It was reported 48 that some £1,600 in premiums was paid over the basic price. Thus, as about 30 plots were sold on that date, the
actual price paid per plot was around twice the basic price. The venture was clearly an initial success and one that continued over the next few months. In the first two weeks, some 58% of the plots were sold, after six weeks, 78% and essentially all
were sold by the end of March 1882. Not surprisingly, many of the subscibers were clearly buying for investment but there were also quite a few, often long standing local people, who took the opportunity to buy a building plot in what promised to be a
smart neighborhood, perhaps away from the aging housing that they had previously had to endure - helped by a relatively more properous and confident working environment. It certainly wasn't long before the roads were laid out and serviced and houses began
to appear on the development, such that, as can still be seen by the dates on many of the the houses today, within little more than twenty years it had been largely populated and the fully built-up and had become the continuingly popular location we know today.
Details of the layout of the development and the original subscribers for the plots can be seen HERE
These relatively large and succesful developments were underway and in the years that followed, up to the Great War, several smaller but simarly attractive iniatives got underway. One of those was the Grange Avenue development which we described some
time ago and can be seen HERE. Built in 1894/5, this created Grange Avenue itself, in the grounds of The Grange, with 10 semi-detached houses, a substantial detatched house, a cottage in the
grounds of the The Grange itself as well as the two houses backing on to Chilwell Road to the east of the site where the Methodist Church was later built. This pair of houses were, more recently, converted to incorporate doctors' surgeries.
Whilst William Fletcher, who built the Grange Avenue development, was not the owner, he did go on to add significant iniatives of his own over the next decade or so - and with some success. These were centred around what was none originally as New Lane at
the eastern end of the village core, that was to become Humber Road. His earlier building projects there were at the southern end, on the eastern side, near to Queens Road and tended to be basic housing for workers at the nearby Humber Cycle works. In the
event. the site of this housing was soon taken over for factory use as the production facilities were extended. But, during the first decade of the new century, Fletcher opened up a development, further to the north. off Humber Road, which still bears
his name today - Fletcher Road - where it is likely that the houses, on the north side at least, were built by him, up to his early death, aged only 51, in January 1908.
More Housing for Working Families - Towards the end of the 19th Century, suitable and affordable housing for workers and their families was becoming relatively scarce in Beeston, given the demand from an increasing population and
an increasing industrial activity. Clearly, as we have already described, housing at the higher end had been well provided for, for the time being, and now was the time for the availability of more affordable, rented property to be increased. Clearly, it was
appropriate for these homes to be situated close to the factories and an early example was the area of terraced housing that developed off the northern side of Chilwell Road, centring on Gladstone Street and Newton Street and providing homes mostly for those working at Neville's factory and
Wilkinson's first factory, both then on the opposite side of Chilwell Road. Then continuing progress in their provision was mainly to take place close to the lace factories on Wollaton Road, Humbers cycle factory on Humber Road and Beeston Foundary on Queens Road.
As we have already seen, housing for works at the lace factories on and about Wollaton Road had started to appear in the 1850s which had eventually taken in Broughton Street, Middleton Street, Clifton Street, the Wollaton Road end of Dennison Street and as
well as the associated part of the western side of Wollaton Road itself. In addition, such housing had been built on the east side of Wollaton Road, between Albion Street and Cross Street (see right in c1930) and south of the Swiss Mills complex, a group of houses known as Victoria Terrace -
these houses were in addition to the housing that had evolved over the years around Pollard's Swiss Mill. But, the demand continued and the opportunity was taken up by George Wilkinson, the elder brother of Francis ('Frank') Wilkinson who, as we have seen as part of
our story of lace making in Beeston, spectacularly founded the Anglo-Scotian Mill in Wollaton Road and had, in its hey-day become the largest manufacturer of lace curtains in the country - perhaps in the world. Two devasting fires and strong competition in America
had had its effect, such that George, who himself had proved himself an astute businessman as a publican, having kept the Durham Ox on the High Road in Beeston, and as a substantial farmer in the area of what is now the site of part of the Boots factory, began to
help his brother in the business. Then, following Frank's death in August 1897, George found himself alone, searching for a solution to the problems that the factory still faced, a battle that has been well described elsewhere, in our lace making story. But, notwithstanding
these specific issues, it appears that it became clear to George that the supply of workers' housing in the immediate area had not kept up with the demands of the increased industry and resulting workforce close-by. As a result, he decided to act decisively on his own
account by diversifying his business interests into building. His first venture was to build a street of around fifty houses on nearby Derby Street, which ran from High Road, north towards the gravel pits, giving easy access to Albion Street for residents who were
employed in the Wollaton Road area factories.
 After that initial success, George went on to join with his son-in-law, the chemist, Arthur Blurton Frost, who was had married Elizabeth Wilkinson, George's second
daughter by his first wife, in erecting the prominent building that still stands on the corner of The Square and Wollaton Road, known as Commercial Buildings (See Left). As well as providing a prominent location for Frost's chemist's shop - which later became that
of Thomas Ralph Burrows and traded there for up to 40 years - it also provided living accommodation above the shops, which are marked by a row of six, somewhat iconic, square bay-windows which still survive in essentially the original form, Then, on land to the rear, on the
west site of Wollaton Road, previously vacant, at the rear of Robert Foster's home, Roundhill House, running up the Methodist Church, George went on to open up two streets, Commercial Avenue and Wilkinson Avenue. There he built rows of smart terraced houses, handy for the
factories and well favoured by those who worked there. In recent years, the streets have been opened up - and, in the case of Commercial Avenue, widened - to provide access to Foster Avenue and the Civic Centre now that access through The Square is restricted by
pedestrianisation. He then went on to build a row of eight homes on the south side of Portland Street, between Willougby Street and City Road, south of the High Road.
By this time, too, George was benefiting from a collaboration with Charles Potter Walker, who had married Edna Wilkinson, George and his wife Emily's youngest daughter. Born in Beeston in 1873, the second son of Frederick George Walker, a clerk/bookkeeper,
and his first wife Henrietta (née Cox) who, sadly, had died just days after giving birth to Charles. Despite this difficult start, Charles had started work as a clerk, then established himself as a greengrocer on the High Road before becoming involved in managing his
father-in-law's rental properties alongside developing a thriving insurance business. He was to soon leave the greengrocery behind and concentrated on developing what is now C P Walker & Son, based in part of the premises it now occupies at 107 High Road, Beeston. Today,
as one of Beeston's longest established surviving businesses, that has involved four members of the Walker family, it continues to manage much of Wilkinson's rental property as well as the now redeveloped Anglo-Scotian site.
Another area of Beeston that saw a response to a demand for housing for factory workers was the Humber Road/Queens Road. following the arrival of the Humber works there in 1878. As has already been mentioned, the local builder, William Fletcher, had already been active in that
area but the houses he built tended to be incorporated into the factory complex and lost to residential use and later housing for the factory workers was built around the periphery in newly opened streets, including Salisbury Street. Evelyn Street and Myrtle Grove (Originally
named Humber Grove) as well as Humber Road itself. One of the builders that was active in this area was William Gell, a Radford resident who went in to retire to Beeston by 1901, living on Salisbury Street up to his death in 1907. A group of 46 of houses built by his firm in
1895, on Myrtle Grove and Humber Road, were sold, soon afterwards, to Charles William Litchfield, a Nottingham butcher. Although, like similar property that was built close to the factory, it would have prospered in its early years, it would have become less than a good investment
for several years following 1908 when Humber left Beeston and moved to Coventry. Then, for several years, Beeston had many empty houses although an ever-increasing population eventually corrected the imbalance. Today, much of the residential areas around what remains of the
original factory, have been redeveloped with attractive homes suitable for modern living.
Just along Queens Road, between it and the railway, was the site of Beeston Foundry (which later became Beeston Boiler Company), that moved there from its original location as part of Foster & Pearson on Station Road, in 1896. It too, inevitably, lead to a growth of workers
housing around the factory where, again, some streets were opened up to accommodate them. These included Dallas York Road, Humber Road South and Hawthorne Grove. Mona Street and Windsor Street, which were in the immediate area but predated the factory, also saw new such building
after the factory arrived.
These areas of often classic terraced housing were to provide much-needed housing for working families as Beeston's industrial base grew in the years up to the 1st World War. Afterwards, a new housing solution was urgently needed, which we will now explore.
Council Housing - When the Great War effectively came to an end in November 1918, there was a collective sigh of relief and a determination that better days might now emerge. It had been a long four years of terrible personal loses and everyday life had been focussed
totally on supporting the war effort and survival – both collective and personal. The price had been high and now the population was looking for a better life and better and affordable housing was high on the list of needs for many. – such that Lloyd
George’s Government soon took up the challenge under the slogan “Homes for Heroes”.
In 1919, the Government passed a Housing Act – known as the Addison Act – which required local authorities to provide houses which, in turn, were subsidised by central government. These ‘council houses’, built to standards defined within the legislation
– and still readily identifiable today – soon began to appear all over the country. The prescribed standards were known as the Tudor Walters standards produced by a Parliametary Committee of that name in November 1918. They were to set the standards for council
house design fot the rest of that century and envisaged well spaced-out homes, each with a living room, a scullery, larder, bathroom (sometimes part of the scullery) and WC with a minimum of three berooms, all with specified minimum sizes. An alternative
added a parlour as a second living room with correspondingly larger bedroom sizes.
In Beeston there had been a decade that had seen a virtual standstill in house building despite a 10% increase in its population, the turmoil of war and the subsequent return to civilian life by soldiers and sailors looking for and expecting the better
life they deserved, it is not surprising that the two decades between the wars years had a heavy focus on house building in Beeston, as elsewhere.
Locally, it was the resposibility of the local council - Conservative-controlled for some time but recently with a reduced majority - to satisfy the local housing needs using the powers and resources that legislation allowed and it set out to address its
new responsibilies conscientiously but perhaps not without some trepidation. Familiar as they were with managing the pennies for the ratepayer, now they were required to borrow and spend relatively large sums which, in the main, did not come naturally and
needed to be justified by results. The detail of the decision making was delegated to the Council's Housing Committee which was ably assisted and advised by the appropriate Council's officers, including the Clerk (W H Redgrave) and Surveyor (G F Walker).
Quite properly. the make up of the Committee reflected the political balance of the newly elected Council of its nine members, five, which included the Chairman, were Conservative, one was Liberal and three were Labour councillors who had recently been elected
for the first time. This overall majority of one for the controlling group was in line with that in the Council as a whole (8:3:4). Happily, all were able to work together to provide the resulting new homes that were so urgently required.
So it was that the Committee, led by its then Chairman, Everett Stevens, began its important task in a diligent and energetic manner. Stevens had been born in New Lenton, Nottingham in 1867 and had had a varied early career with many setbacks, each of which he
had addressed in a positive and determined way. Eventually, as a seven year apprentice in the lace industry, he had been able to gain a thorough knowledge of the trade. After this he had been let go but. after finding his way to Beeston, he had been introduced
to William Stevenson at Neville's Factory in Chilwell who had given him a new start as a lace draughtsman. Later he had entered into partnership with Jack Richmond, offering a designing and drafting service to the lace trade and built it into a lucrative
business by dedicated work with long hours, always with a positive attitude. In 1914 he had been elected to Beeston Council when his position at the top of the poll reflected his popularity and it was by around this time he was also established as a lace manufacturer
in what had been the Humber works in Beeston. He had clearly shown just the work ethic and positive attitute that was needed to address the acute housing issues in Beeston and he set about addressing them in a dedicated and urgent way.
The first requirement was to determine the size of the problem and a subsequent survey showed that although there were 3024 existing houses in Beeston, a further 289 were urgently required to meet the existing and growing demand for a home. Happily, in contrast
to some areas - particularly more urban areas - the number of existing dwellings that were unfit was small, quantified as the equivalent of 11 homes by the Council's Medical Officer. There was a total of three vacant houses on Church Street and William Street (then
off Middle Street) which he felt able to discount. He did however identify groups of back-to back housing also on William Street (14 homes) and on Villa Street (8 homes) - 22 in total - although he was able to advise that these could be renovated by joining each pair
into one home. This then equated to the total of 11 that needed replacement. Accordingly, the Council was thought to have an overall requirement of 300 homes which its Housing Committee set out to address. Over time, this was to be found to be an under-estimation.
Next, there was a need to find suiable sites and, in May 1919, Stevens was already able to report that a number of such sites had been inspected during the last month and that two sites were considered suitable for the first stage :
Land on the ancient Lenton Abbey Estate which was believed to be suitable for 61 houses. This was situated at the top of Marlborough Road that had itself been opened up, relatively recently, for private housing.
Land owned by Sir Henry Dennis Bayley, towards the northern end of Wollation Road, opposite what was then BelleVue, originally the home of the Fellows family but then that of the Bowden family (and is now the Golf Club). The proposed parcel of land itself was
then occupied by Frettingham's nursery gardens and was consided to be suitable for accomodating 178 houses. Sir Dennis - who later added the family name 'Readett' to become Sir Henry Dennis Readett-Bayley, was born in Lenton in 1878, the son of Thomas Bayley. the Lenton
leather merchant who became a colliery owner and, later, the Liberal Member of Parliament for Chesterfield and his wife Annie, the daughter of Henry Farmer, the well-known Nottingham musician. In 1903, Henry had married Audrey Cecil Turney, the daughter of Sir John Turney,
the leather manufacturer. Following his father's death in 1906, they had settled in the family home at Lenton Abbey from where Henry had taken effective control of the family estate, much of which was in Lenton and Beeston, and had taken over as Managing Director of Digby
Colliery Company (Eastwood & Gedley Collieries) and a Director of Manners Colliery Comany (Ilkeston Collieries) and had interests in Renshaw Iron Company and Smith Brothers (a brass foundary). During the Great War, he had volunteered at the start and had been assigned to the General
Service Corps, attached to the Red Cross, and had gone on to become the founder and organiser of the Dennis Bayley Fund for the transport of men wounded in France which went on to raise £700,000, mainly contributions from British coal owners and miners, which provided motor
ambulances, hospital boats and other equipment which had saved many lives. He had risen to the rank of Lt-Colonel and was Knighted in 1918, in recognition of his work during the war.
In each case, the site owners had been approached and active contact was expected to be underway within two weeks. In the event, negotiations with Sir Dennis' lawyers continued until October 1919 when Stevens was able to report to the Committee that agreement on terms had been
verbally agreed and that contracts could be completed after Sir Dennis' return from France. The Surveyor also submitted plans for the developments and, subject to a few amendments, it was agreed that they be submitted to the Divisional Commissioner for agreement.
As it turned out though, the Council first needed to counter a move by Nottingham City, which proposed to take over Beeston - as well as Carlton and Arnold and surrounding Parish areas. This was an idea that has arisen several times over the years and has always been fiercely
contested by Beeston where, in the main, the determination for independence and wish to govern itself was, and is, very strongly held. Interestingly, one of the issues, even then, was whether Nottingham trams should run to Beeston - an issue that was to arise again in more
recent times. At an Inquiry held in February 1920, Beeston Council, supported by several local industrialists - including Everett Stevens - and others, put a compelling case to remain independent, a position that was upheld for the time being. Nottingham ambitions were, however,
to continue and, after similar proposals some ten years later, Beeston had to accept some adjustment to its western boundary, an issue that will be discussed, in context later.
Then, in May 1920, there was another round of elections for Beeston Council and, for whatever reason, Stevens chose not to stand for election. There was, however, a significant newcomer, as we will see, when Mrs Littlewood was elected - in fact, topped
the poll. At a subsequent meeting of the Council, the Housing Committee was reformed, comprising all members of the Council. Councillor Arthur Edward Nevett - well respected as a very conciencous Councillor - was appointed Chairmen. In everyday Beeston life, he was very well known,
along with his wife. as they operated the confectionary shop, then prominently positioned in the row of gabled shops, on the High Road, at the corner of Villa Street - which can be seen clearly in the image on our home-page.
So it was that, in June 1920, Nevett was able to report to the Council that everything was in place for the purchase of the land from the Bayley Trustees and that the £4,700 price was to covered by a 80-year loan from the Government scheme, that tenders for building 56 houses on the
land were being sought and that these were likely to require a further loan of upwards of £56,000. By October, this step in the process was complete and there was a ceremony, attended by all the Councillors, when the Chairman formally laid the foundation stone of the first house to
be built. He was presented with a silver trowell by John H Brough, whose locally-based building firm had been awarded the contract. It seemed that there was at least a glimmer of hope that the 'Homes for Heroes' were beginning to be a reality. Certainly, the landscape, as can be seen
below, was beginning to change as a result.
This image, from about 1920, shows the area at the top of Wollaton Road viewed from Derby Road, where a small group of local folk, probably in their 'Sunday-best', appear to be waiting for a bus to take them towards Derby. One holds a bunch of flowers, possible a gift from his
garden for his mother. Almost everything around them is as it had been for years. On the right side of Wollaton Road, the roof of the cemetery chapel shows above the trees and marks the position of the cemetery (opened in 1886) and, on the higher ground, a trace of
Belle Vue, the big house that had been built for the Fellows family in the 1830s. But, on the high ground, beyond the open fields on the left, something new has recently appeared to change the rural setting - new council housing that has recently been built, along the line of
what is now Farfield Avenue, the beginning of the Beeston Fields Estate that promised to provide much wanted homes for the growing population, each with a garden back and front. Over the next twenty years, the whole of this scene would be overtaken by urban development.
Early in 1921, with the housing project now well on its way, there was another change of Chairman of the Housing Committee when Eleanor Littlewood took over the position. Mrs Littlewood, had been elected to the Council as a Conservative councillor and her energy, positive manner
and life-long interest in welfare issues had already been evident. In 1925 she was to be elected as the first female Chairman of Beeston Council. She was born in 1879 at The Willows, Beeston, the daughter of Francis Usher Waite. Her father died when she was only two and her mother then
married James Butler, the respected and long standing local surgeon who lived at Manor Lodge, opposire the Manor House on Middle Street, Beeston. In 1899, she married Arthur Birkin Littlewood, a solicitor who practiced in Beeston but she was widowed in 1923. Except as a baby and
for a short period early in her married life, Manor Lodge was to be her home and she went on to open part of it as a children's clinic, a forerunner of the more formal clinic on Dovecote Lane she was later able to facilitate. In 1937, she was to receive the MBE for her dedicated
work for the Beeston community. She died in 1962.
Now with responsibility for housing, she soon made her mark. In February, the Council had received permission to accept a tender to build 10 more non-parlour Houses at £776 0s 6d each, along with 12 'parlour' houses at £918 11s 9d each - the latter style had two ground-floor
living rooms but were generally in the minority in the development as a whole. The committee recommendation of a weekly rent of 10/6d (about 52 pence) per week (plus rates) was accepted by the Council. It was also reported to the committee that a few of the families on the
waiting list had between 8 and 10 children and that the houes already built or planned were not suitable for that size of family. According, it was agree to request the Housing Commissioner to change those presently under consideration to include between 2 and 4 houses with more
bedrooms than standard.
Alongside the building activities on Farfield Avenue, progress was also being made on the site at the top of Marlborough Road where Hetley Road (named after Hetley Pearson, who had done so much to make the Boys Brigade an important part of Beeston life before his death in the Great War)
was taking shape and, in November 1921, it was reported that the Housing Commissioner had given permission for the Council to request tenders for a further 16 houses there.
As the busy year of 1921 came to an end, the Committee, Council and Officers, as well as the builders, could reflect that a reasonable start had been made to respond to the urgent need to provide affordable housing in Beeston. And, they may have been particularly cheered to read the
letter from 'Rambler' that appeared in the South Notts Echo on 9 July 1921 (Shown Right) which also praised the appearance of the houses that had been built.
Notwithstanding, all this generally good news and progress for some, the mood, the market and the corresponding guidelines from central government were about to change, driven, in turn, by political change and the economic realities that were such a tragic feature of the 1920s. During
that difficult time, Central Government changed five times - in 1932, Lloyd George's Liberal/Conservative coalition fell apart, it was followed, in quick succession, by Bonar Law and Stanley Baldwin (both Conservative) and Ramsey MacDonald (the first Labour Government). Then, in 1924,
Baldwin returned for a full term of five years, replaced in 1929 by a return of Ramsey MacDonald for a similar full term. Inevitably. the changes were reflected in each Government's policies relating to housing. In particular, Government grants for Council Grants varied over the years
as did the concept of paying grants for private builds.
The original Housing and Town Planning Act of 1919 - known as the Addison Act - had a national target of building 500,000 council houses as 'Homes for Heroes' to be delivered by local authorities - but an actual total of only just over 213,000 (43%) was achieved. This shortfall could be
put down to the need to spend time preparing schemes, acquiring land and a genersl shortage of labour and materials. Beeston's performance, so far - about 110 completed against a target of 300 (about 37%) - compared reasonably with these national figures. The Housing Act, 1923 - known
as the Chamberlain Scheme - was to change significantly the options available to Councils and was to have a significant effect on their housing decisions as grants for Council housing were discontinued and grants for private builds were offered. Nationally, 431,000 homes were build under this
scheme, of which 346,000 were private builds.
Tenants too were seeking lower costs and their partition to the Council for lower rents received a positive response when, in December 1922, it was agreed that rents were to be reduced to 10 shillings (50p) per week for 'parlour;' houses and 8 shillings (40p) for non-parlour, plus rates in each case.
Beeston Council was to embrace all aspects of the 1923 legistration and, with building costs on the decline, it was able to obtain much lower prices for the houses it added to the estates that it had under development while also offering £100 grants for private home builds. In fact, there had
already been clear signs that building prices were under downward pressure when, in March 1922, tenders for a further 16 houses on Farfield Avenue had come in at £500 with further negotiations expecting a figure of £450 - close to half the price it had been paying only a year previously. In August
1922, the Beeston builder, Richard Whiting, started work on the final phase of Farfield Avenue (taking in part of Farfield Grove) at a price of £672 for each pair of houses. This pressure on prices, was certainly good for the Council - which, in the circumstances, was happy to continue building
even without a grant from central government. The building trade, however, under continual price pressure, undoubtedly found this difficult. In November 1923, local builder William Fletcher, was unable to go ahead with an 18 house contract, citing shortage of labour and a tender from Richard
Whiting was accepted, equating to £5,592 - about £349 for each of the 16 houses. Clearly encouraged, the Council agree to seek tenders for another 16 houses. In December 1923, the Government sanctioned grants of £100 to private builders of 30 or more houses.
However, in January 1924, the national political picture changed again after Baldwin lost the support of the House and Ramsey MacDonald, the Labour leader, was invited to form what was the first Labour Government. It was to survive for only 10 months but, during that time, it put in place a
new Housing Act, known as The Wheatley Scheme, after its architect, the Minister of Health, John Wheatley. Designed to boost municipal housing and to help replace slums and substandard housing for the benefit of the underprovileged. Once again, it introduced subsidies for housing built and managed
by local councils. Although it did not support the private housing subsidy, the 1923 Act that did remained available to Councils who wished to use it. Significantly, Beeston's Conservative-controlled Council did continue to assist private building, while continuing with its council house
building programme - a position that was heavily contested by the minority group of Labour Councillors. Both Acts continued to be available after the fall of the Ramsey MacDonald Government in November 1924, and the formation of the Conservative Goverment of Stanley Baldwin.
So it was that progress on the Council's council house estate continued alongside private house buiding, encouraged by grant subsidies for relatively small, reasonably affordable homes. In September 1924, it was noted by the Council that its target of 100 subsidised private house builds was likely
to be exceeded and it went on to put a value limit of £600 on houses eligible for grant and. later that year, a minimum plot-size of 300 square yards was enforced for eligible two-storey homes. By November 1924, plans were in place to open up another street - Wallett Aveue, between Hetley Road to near the end of
Farfield Avenue - which was named after William Wallett the well-known Victorian entertainer, known as 'The Queen's Jester' who had lived out his later years in Beeston. Tenders were invited for four houses on Wallett Avenue, 14 on Hetley Road and 4 on
Farfield Grove, the small cul-de-sac off Farfield Avenue. In December 1924, planning permission was granted, with subsidy, for a pair of private-build homes on Wallett Avuene, marking a small relaxation in policy by the sale of building plots on the council house estate.
A piece in the local newspaper in May 1925 summarised the Council's progress to-date, suggesting that the 124 Council houses it had build so far meant that, although perhaps Beeston could not boast of "superhuman efforts" to solve the housing problem, it had displayed enterprise in having that many dwellings
so far and the old Frettingham nursery gardens had been transformed beyond recognition - and it would not be long before the houses joined up to Marlborough Road. Some, however, would compare Beeston's 124 with, for instance, the 244 by the Council at Carlton. Houses built in Beeston by private enterprise
with subsidy had received every encouragement from the Council and had numbered 100 - compared with 154 in Carlton. It observed that the demand for housing was still greater than the supply and it was hoped that building would continue. In the following month, it seems, the Council indicated that that was
indeed its policy when it announced that a new road, to be called Central Avenue, was to be laid-out, which, for the time-being was to connect the north end of Wallett Avenue with Clifford Avenue - which was named after John Clifford the Baptist Minister with
Beeston origins who campaigned tirelessly for non-demoninational education. In May 1928 enders were requested for 12 further homes on Clifford Avenue, six on Hetley Road, three on Wallett Avenue and two on Central Avenue. And, in July it signalled its commitment to a balanced policy, supporting council housing alongside
private builds when it strongly supported its decision to continue to use the 1923 Housing Act - which offered lower council house grants but continued support for private builds - despite strong opposition from the minority Labour members. In September 1925, a tender from H T Rice for £9.769 was accepted
for building a further twenty houses on Marlborough Road, Hetley Road and Clifford Avenue.
By 1926, Beeston as a whole was facing a perhaps unexpected challenge which took in housing, education and boundary issues head-on, when the City Council acquired the ancient Lenton Abbey Estate for its own housing purposes. There was direct access from the Beeston Fields Estate from a continuation of Hetley
Road that became Wensor Avenue when it crossed into Lenton Abbey. Somewhat bizarly, a large section of the land lay within Beeston's boundary and 440 of the total of 883 houses would be in Beeston, a complication that Beeston was required to deal with until the boundary was eventually redefined in 1932.
In the meantime, this aplit in responsibilies lead to many complications. Although responsibity for the houses and infrastructure was in the hands of the City Council, those residents who were living in the section that was still part of Beeston were on the electoral roll in Beeston and, although they
paid their rent to Nottingham, they paid their rates to Beeston. Schooling was a huge problem as, apart from the problem that the City did not have nearby schools, Beeston's schools were also a long walk away, for children in the Beeston estate as well as those in the City estate. This latter issue had to be
addressed urgently and a temporary school was built on the site at the end of Hetley Road that later became the site of a church. Planning and building of a new school, Beeston Fields School. began immediately and it opened in September 1932, on a site in
Beeston between what is now Boundary Road and Central Avenue and catered for children of all ages from both estates. The fact that the children from the respective estates were resident in two different education jurisdictions gave ongoing problems
that persisted for many years.
In May 1928, a tender of £15,485 (£368 each) by G T Rice. a local building contractor, for a further 42 of houses on the Beeston Fields Estate was accepted with the stipulation that they were to be completed by the end of September.
Beeston Fields Housing Estate - the building firms that made it happen
Hofton - this Beeston-based building firm had its beginnings with Levi Hofton who was born in Ilkeston, Derbyshire in about 1817, the son of James Hofton, a colliery overlooker, and his wife Ann (née Jackson). He became a carpenter and, after his marriage to Jane Gamble in Ilkeston in 1841,
he moved to Beeston where they set up home on Villa Street and, by 1846, he had set up in business as a carpenter and undertaker (the latter often being a carpenter's sideline in that era) and, by 1851, he was employing two men. He died at the comparitively young age of 59 in 1870 leaving a modest estate. The
couple had five children and their eldest son, Robert Gammble Hoften, born on 1848, was to carry on and develop the business, having married Emily Giles in 1870 and set up home and his business base at 5 City Road, Beeston. The couple had four children, again including two sons, and it was again the eldest,
Henry Robert Hofton, born in 1876 that was to lead the business forward, developing it into a fully rounded building contracting business. In 1891 he married Florence Mary Griffiths. the eldest daughter of Arthur Richards, a Newark bookseller and his wife Emily (née Giles) and went on to have two sons, both
of whom took a full part in the progress of business, including its important contribution to the building of Beeston Fields Estate in the 1920/30s. Sadly, their eldest son Henry Rex Hofton (b. 1903) died in March 1931, aged only 27. In 1936, the company was incorporated,as Hofton & Son Limited, likely not only as
a more appropriate business structure but also as a practical means of defining ownership within the family and with others. By that time, Henry Robert had established the company as a serious player as a building contractor that was going from strength to strength, making a massive contribution to the development
of Beeston, quite apart from its involvement at Beeston Fields. The pre-WorldWar2 years also saw the company involved throughout the wider Beeston area where it built many of the new private housing developments including - as can be seen in the advert (right) from that era - in the popular 'Lake District' area (Windermere Road and surrounding roads), houses on Derby Road
and in the Fellows Road area, beside many more. The pre-war years also saw progress in commercial and public sector building in which the company played its full part - possibly more than its full part - with its local projects including a new Barton's Administrative building (1934), Beeston Town Hall (1938), Beeston
Library (1939) and, on a sadder note, as war again arrived, air-raid shelters for Beeston schools. The company itself opened a woodworking mill in Roberts Yard, Beeston and had a office on Regent Street, Beeston. Both have been demolished and redeveloped for residential use in recent years. On the personal level,
Henry Robert had developed a strong reputation as a keen bowls player and he and his wife had moved to live in a house they built at 22 Elm Avenue, Beeston. Then, in 1938, they decided to retire to live in Skegness. Florence died there in 1951, aged 75, followed, in 1954, by Henry Robert, aged 78. After his parents
had moved to Skegness, the company was in the overall management of their son, Harold Griffith Hofton. Harold had been born in October 1908 in Chilwell and had married Muriel Watts in 1934. To strengthen the company's management, John Richard Shouler was appointed as a Director. Born in 1913, the son of a Melton Mowbray
auctionier and estate agent, he had joined Hoftons in 1929 as a joiner and had since demonstrated his abilities and worth to the company and was to go on to assist Harold through the war years and the challanging years beyond, when, in the event, the company was to make great strides in the speculative housing market, with
housing the company built on and around Hillside Road on the Beeston/Bramcote border playing a large part in theie success. After Harold's death in 1986, his son John Harold Hofton (b. 1936). continued in the management role alongside John Richard Shouler but sadly died in 1989, aged only 53. Now with the Hoftom male line
at an end, the company continued in the hands of others, notably the Shouler family. Today, it no longer operates directly as a builder but offers its expertise in construction project management.
George Thomas Rice was born in Beeston in 1884, the son of the bricklayer, Henry Rice and his wife Elizabeth. George followed his father into the trade. In 1907, he married Alice Brailsford (1887-1978) and they went on to have three children. As his career progressed, he was able to develop his skills into a successful domestic
building business, going on to build houses throughout the district including, as we will see, many that for the Council's social housing programme. He developed a business base on Cyprus Avenue, Beeston and built a number of houses there as well as the row of five shops, round the corner on Wollaton Road. He also built
158 Wollaton Road, the bungalow next to the entrance to the alloments where he lived with his family up to his death in i979. It will be remembered by many local residents for the large bird figures on the top of its gate posts. He took an active part in several aspects of Beeston life - in the dancing community, especially
as a Master of Ceremonies at regular dance events held at the Embassy Dance Hall on Station Road, as a keen bowls player and as an officer, sometimes Chairman, of the local Conservative Association.
John Henry Brough - was born in Eastwood, Notts in 1878, the third of four children, the younger of two sons of George Brough, the son of a framework knitter who had broken away from his father’s trade to become a joiner, and his wife Sarah Ann (née Sowter). In about 1897, the family moved to Beeston, making their
home on Park Street, undoubtably to take advantage of the building boom that had arisen from the land society developments there.
By then, John Henry was working as a bricklayer and his elder brother, George William worked as a joiner and, when, by 1911, their parents had moved to live in Mansfield, each of their sons had developed their own business as a building contractor in Beeston.
For his part, George William Brough (b. 1878) married Emily Peacock in 1903, the daughter of a Beeston-based shoemaker and went on the develop a successful, locally based house-building business and, over a period of several decades, particularly the inter-war years, built many of the private homes we now have in central Beeston.
In particular, he built many of the houses on Marlborough Road and Abbey Road that were added in the 1930s and 1930s and is best known for the Cedars Estate, made up chiefly of what is now Cedar Avenue and Broadgate Avenue, that he acquired and opened up in 1925 and where he built homes to complete it over the next 10 years. There
were many other homes built around Beeston by his company, G W Brough & Son, during that period, notably on Albert Road and on Leslie Avenue, Beeston in the 1920s and 30s. By then he had been joined by his eldest son, Georger Leslie Brough (b.1904) who continued to successfully run the business and other ventures after his father’s
death in 1945 and up his own death in 1994.
John Henry Brough (b. 1876) married Sarah June Pugh, also in 1903, the eldest child of Arthur George Pugh, a railwayman who went on to secure the lucrative contract for running the railway creosote works at Beeston. They first set up home at 129 Station Road, Beeston, the house with the corner turret that can be seen on the
photograph (left). at the top of what was then the new, lower part of Station Road that connected the old Brown Lane with Queens Road. Significantly, as we will see, it stood next to an older building, then occupied by the plumber, Frederick Robert Lowe. A. gate between the two buildings led to Brough’s workshop and stores
65.
It appears likely that the house was built by Brough – as were possibly others on that stretch of Station Road. Certainly, we know thar the Embassy dance hall (later Bostocks and now the Conservative Club) which stands opposite was built by John Henry and was owned by him for some years during its hey-day Another iconic building built
by Broughs in that era is the Chilwell Memorial Hall. And, as we have seen, it was in October 1920 that the firm of John H Brough, began to build the first batch of council houses on Farfield Avenue on the Beeston Fields Estate, an important milestone, celebrated by an official stone-laying ceremony using a silver trowel.
In the early 1930s, the firm opened up and developed Henry Road and went on to build many of the private houses that were built on Derby Road, on the fringe of the Beeston Fields Estate and to open up David Grove. By 1931, John Henry had built a group of houses for his extended family on the north side of Derby Road, around his own
home, named ‘Chellow Mount; at 40 Derby Road. Their youngest son, Frank Thomas Brough, who worked in the contracting business, was living at 40a Derby Road in September 1939, having recently married Joan Betty Ford. Next door, at “Beaulieu”, 42 Derby Road, was his brother-in-law, Thomas Arthur Pugh and his wife Christobel. Thomas
had taken over the railway creosoting contract after his father’s death in 1921 and was was one of several from, the Pugh family that would probably have been particularly useful contacts for John Henry – a sister-in-law, Ellen Pugh, married Frederick Robert Lowe, the plumber who, as we have seen, traded next door to the Brough
residence on Station Road and Arthur Thomas Pugh, Thomas Arthur’s son, married Jose Barlow, the daughter of Horace Barlow who, with his father, Joseph Barlow, operated the hosiery firm of J Barlow & Co, latterly from its new factory on Foster Avenue, Beeston.
John Henry and his wife’s eldest son, Reginald Arthur Brough (b. 1907), was also involved in managing the contracting business, had chosen to live at 200 Bramcote Lane, Chilwell, after his marriage to Esher Webb in 1931. In 1938, he formed and went on to head-up the very successful wood manufacturing company, Leaderflush, with a
factory at Trowell, Notts. In retirement he and his wife moved to Normanton on the Wolds, Notts. He died in 1989, aged 82.
John Henry Brough died in June 1957, aged 79, his wife having pre-deceased him in 1932, aged 72.
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By 1929, faced with the continuing demand for council housing and with the remaining space at Beeston Fields dwindling, the Council began to look for more land throughout Beeston as a whole and, after acquiing a parcel of land beween Queens Road and the railway. it was able to expand what had been the existing Alexendra Road to
loop back to Queens Road, to become Alexandra Crescent. In April 1029, it accepted a tender, again from G T Rice, to build 60 houses for £19,490 (£323 for each house) on the site.
This brought the total houses built by the Council over the 10 years since it had started building after the end of the Great War, to a total of 291 homes Whilst this compared reasonably with it original target of 300 - based on its then estimate of need, the demand continued as stongly as ever, driven by incomers and the
greater need for replacement of sub-standard housing. Whilst private housing supply had developed well and continued to grow, it was time to reassess and to plan for the ever-growing demand for affordable housing for working families. Accordingly, in November 1929. the Council acted decisively by agreeing to purchase 20
acres of land, known as Beeston Fields Farm, which adjoined the site of Farfield Avenue, to the north and extended up to Derby Road. It included a relatively small area of just over two acres that the Council reserved for a future cemetery extension. The overall cost was £14,500 which had been reduced from £14.600 because
of a 'certain charge' 71 on the land. Although the outer margins of the land on Derby Road and the northern end of Wollaton Road were sold to the builder, H R Hoften. for private housing and, similarly. the north end of Central Avenue was sold to another private building firm, Messrs West & Cross, the majority of the land was
soon taken up for Council use with just over nine acres proposed as the site of what is now Dennis Avenue and Anderson Crescent, designated as the site of 120 additional council houses. A start was made in January 1931 when a tender by G T Rice Co. Ltd was accepted, to build 28 houses on Wollaton Road, Anderson Crescent and
Dennis Avenue was accepted for a total of £8,930 (£319 per house). In April 1932. Hofton Builders were awarded a contract for a further 65 houses for £18,850 (£290 per house) in a new part of the estate (probably Boundary Road), with James Thraves given the street works for £805.
Remarkably - but perhaps not when one realises that even the town offices were still lit by gas - in 1932, 290 council houses (essentially all of them) were without an electricity supply. Accordingly, the Council agreed to add electic lighting to them. Following a survey of he tenants, 230 agreed to pay 4 pence a week each to recover
the installation cost - which was estimated to be about £7 per house. The work went ahead and was actually about £6 per dwelling.
As is well known, the early 1930s generally, were extremely difficult economically, both nationally and at the personal level - though conditions locally, hard as they often seemed, were not as bad as other parts of the country. Nevertheless, the generally bad conditions had been seen clearly in the squeeze in building costs and
it is not surprising that pressure began to develop for a corresponding decrease in rents, particularly as this came at a time when there was a
need to rehouse residents who were then being displaced by a drive to demolish areas of sub-standard housing that had developed in the older parts of Beeston. In 1934 alone, areas that were demolished or made subject to requiring necessary repairs included the notorious Willam Street - that had been hotly discussed for many months - Roberts
Yard, Alpine Cottages, Prince of Wales Terrace, Nether Street, Regent Street, parts of Queens Road and Broughton Street - where rents would have been substantially less that those being paid by Council tenants and for the new private sector houses that were being built, albeit for much better accomodation. In the Council election in 1932, Father Hays, Beeston's popular and well-respected
Roman Catholic Priest, was a candidate at the local election in 1932 and was elected, as a Conservative. Surprisingly, he displaced the popular and respected Eleanor Littlewood. By 1934, he had taken over as Chairman of the Housing Committee and was energetic in campaigning for lower rents that would be more affordable by those being displaced
from the areas of substandard housing that were being demolished. There were still 600 persons on the housing waiting list, 300 of whom were already living in Beeston, the remainder mainly those working there but living elsewhere. In response, a further 50 houses were sanctioned in a newly-developed area between Central Avenue and Boundary Road
that became Burrows Avenue, Burrows Crescent (named after Councillor George Burrows 75) and Boundary Crescent. To attempt to address the affordability issue, all the houses were the non-parlour type and twelve of them had just two bedrooms. Four were built with four bedrooms to
provide for larger families, the 34 remainding having the usual three bedrooms. Hofton's tender price of £13,425 (£268 per house) was accepted in November 1934. Including the road cost, the total cost was £16,630 such that the Council was able to offer the homes at an average of weekly rent of 9/3d (about 47p) including rates. Plans were put in place for a further 32 houses.
In 1934, an area of 7.41 acres of land on the estate was allocated as a recreation ground, between Central Avenue and Wollaton Road, which was to include facilities for football/cricket, a playgound, tennis courts and a bowling green. This was a further addition to the estate's supporting infrasructure that
included allotment gardens between Hetley Road and Wollaton Road, a row of ten shops each with living accommodation, built on Central Avenue between Dennis Avenue and Central Avenue, in 1931 by Whitton's Building Co Ltd. This then then quite active building firm had been able to purchase the land from the Council for about £557, as surplus to the Council's requirments.
The momentum continued in 1932 with the opening of Beeston Fields Infants and Juniors schools and a Secondary School for boys, all on a site on the estate between Central Avenue and Boundary Road. Then, in 1933, the Lenton Abbey Congregational Church was built and opened and was to serve the local community well for many years. Despite its name, it was
situated completely on the Beeston side of the Nottingham border. Then, in 1936, the Astoria cinema was opened at the corner of Boundary Road and Derby Road - which would have been particularly welcomed by those were had recently arrived in the nearby Burrows Avenue area, many of them having been displaced from the central areas of Beeston where cinemas had also been near at hand.
In 1935, the Beeston Urban District Council and Stapleford Rural District Council (which took in Bramcote, Chilwell, Toton and Stapleford) amalgamated, becoming Beeston & Stapleford Urban District Council. This meant that the Council's council housing issues and their solutions were spread over a much bigger area and would ultimately
be largely addressed over this wider horizen. In the immediate term the Council and its Housing Committee involved itself in attempting to address anomolies in rent levals across the districts, previously seperatly maanaged as well as a vociferous Ratepayers' Association in Chilwell that objected to plans to build council houses on Cater Lane.
In Beeston itself, a tender for £13,680 was approved, in Febriary 1937, for a further 35 houses, apparently in the Burrows Avenue area, and largely completed the Beeston Fields Estate.
In the event, they were the last to ne built for some time as with the threat of another war in the air, the Council turned its attention to preparations for defences to protect the civilian population throughout the district although - as we will describe elsewhere - private house continued to boom in these few years up to the war.
When war came in September 1939, all house building came to a stop completely and was to stay that way until peace came in 1945 when, after almost six years of war, there was, once again, a major shortage of houses to satisfy the demand from a population that was looking for a better life after its service to the country and the chronic shortages that had been stoically endured.
In fact, the country was to continue to face a desperate economic state for most of the next decade, when there were shortages of everyday things – including building materials – brought on by the need to convert manufacturing resources from their focus on wartime production and raw materials shortages made worse by import restrictions. On top of all this, the perhaps inevitable
post-war baby-boom added to the demand for living space.
The local Council – now, of course, Beeston & Stapleford Urban District – had responsibilities, as we have seen, that extended beyond Beeston itself. In fact, this change of horizon was to help with the solution. Certainly, Beeston as it was would not have had the spare land to satisfy demand, even for its own citizens – a critical
requirement that was met, in the event, by utilising available land elsewhere in the District – mainly in Chilwell and Stapleford.
In fact, the Council – and Central Government - had been preparing a response to the shortage of houses that could be used when peace came, even at the height of the war years. In 1942, the Government’s Burt Committee looked at options for bridging the gap in housing supply that would be inevitable throughout the country. This led to the passing of the Housing (Temporary Accommodation)
Act in 1944 which authorised spending on building prefabricated housing that could be built quickly when peace came. Up to 300,000 of these homes, known as ‘prefabs’, were expected to be needed.
Early in 1944 – even before the D-Day landing - the Council was approached by the Regional Housing Architect who advised the Council that it should be quietly making preliminary plans for starting house building when it became possible. This was followed by a request for the Council’s plans for the first year of building after the war, taking account of expected shortages of labour and
materials. After negotiations, an initial figure of 300 permanent homes was agreed. The target for prefabs was set at 100, even though the Council had asked for 500.
The next task was to find the land which, given the expected number of houses required, would inevitably be mostly sited outside of Beeston itself. A site on Portland Road, Toton was already owned by the Council and 45 acres of land next to the Ryecroft Estate in Stapleford were earmarked. Two, relatively small, sites were identified in Beeston – a site on Dovecote Lane that was to
become Ireland Avenue and Redwood Crescent and an extension of Abbey Road, from Marlborough Road, joining with Hetley Road, Peveril Road and Warwick Avenue. Ten acres of land for 63 of the prefabs was acquired by compulsory purchase at Bramcote Road, Chilwell, forming an extension of Hall Drive, and the remaining 37 were to be erected at Pasture Road, Stapleford. A start on erecting
the prefabs was made in April 1945 and the first of these was ready for occupation in June 1945 – the first prefab to be completed in the whole of the North Midland Region. By early 1946, all 100 prefabs were built and occupied (see some of these, at Chilwell, right). Prefabs were designed to last for no more than ten years but their remarkably clever and forward-looking design -
particuarly their kitchen and bathroom - made them popular with many of their tenants and some stayed in use for much longer - and a few still are. Locally, they stayed around for about 20 years when, for instance, those in Chilwell were replaced by warden-assisted flats and retired peoples' bungalows.
By this time too, the street works for the first permanent houses were in place. Tenders for building the first 50 permanent houses were opened on July 31 1945, and acceptance split between four contractors in recognition of a shortage of labour and materials. Remarkably, authority was received from the Ministry within a week and building began in August 1945 with the first of these homes
- 2 and 3 Taylor Crescent, Stapleford - ready for occupation by grateful tenants.in December. It was the first completion of a permanent post-war house in the North Midland Region.
Progress on the two Beeston sites were delayed slightly by the process of land acquisition but was eventually resolved by negotiation at Abbey Road and by compulsory purchase at Dovecote Lane, In the meantime, a new type of house was designed of a higher standard than had been designated and this was used for the 50 houses built at Abbey Road.
The terrible winter of 1946/47 would have delayed building progress 80 but, nevertheless, the Dovecote Lane houses were completed around that time – only to suffer badly from the flooding that occurred in early 1947. The Abbey Road development was completed shortly after, all part of the concerted effort involving a total of 17 contractors to complete the first wave of houses – 50 on
Abbey Road, 44 houses and 8 bungalows on the Dovecote Lane site. 44 houses and 8 bungalows at Toton. 154 houses and 8 bungalows at Stapleford and 14 houses at Chilwell – a total of 330 permanent dwellings.
Negotiations had been on-going for the purchase of 42½ acres of land at the rear of Bramcote Lane and Chilwell Lane, part of Sunnyside Farm. but it had been delayed by the need to make a compulsory purchase order which then needed to be confirmed at a public enquiry in February 1946. After road and sewers had been put in place and tenders called and approved by the Ministry. What
whar was to be essentially a new community with an element of self-sufficiency with a group of shops providing for all everyday needs. Although there were delays during the severe weather over the 1946/47 winter, the estate continued to take shape and was eventually to consist of 366 houses.
By 1948, the Council had begun negotiation to purchase a much larger expanse of land to the west of the Sunnyside Estate, which took in Sunnyside Farm, owned by Thomas Andrew Barton and Wheatgrass Farm, then farmed my George William West. as well as other smaller parcels of land. It again met with resistance but, after a compulsory purchase order and public inquiry, it was able to make a start on
complete the transaction. This land, which became the main section of the Inham Nook Estate, extended to 118 acres which yielded a net of 53 acres – enough for 530 houses = after allowing for roads, schools, recreation areas, etc. Building began almost immediately and was to continue well into the 1950s. By then, blocks of four flats, one up, one down, on either side of a central common entrance,
had become a popular additional feature of estates.
During this time, and into the 1960s, building of council houses in Stapleford continued on a large scale, eventually reaching Ilkeston Road and there was a further development of about 48 acres off of Toton Lane. In Bramcote, a neat development was added off of Church Street and another on Ilkeston Road, opposite Bramcote Park. In Beeston, where vacant land was scarce, infilling of small areas
continued as they became available - notably an area at the junction of Boundary Road and Brook Road on the Beeston Fields Estate, another on Tattersall Drive, off Queens Road, and a larger area was found in the Rylands, that had been the Golden Drop allotments, where building got underway in 1953 after a long period of objections from the gardenholders.
Overall, by March 1966, across the whole of the District, 3498 council houses had been completed in 20 years, more than meeting the orginal target of 3121 that had been set in 1947. Now there could be more focus on building private houses - which had been restricted in the earlier years by the focus on council houses and, in fact the total number built in the District in the post-war period
up to March 1966 had reached 4740. It had been a mammoth task which the Council had conducted well and had, to its credit, managed to avoid introducing prefabricated concrete and high-rise building, each of which have given problems for other Authorities and occupants alike. Now the council house building era was largly over - although there were a few exceptions:
- In the mid-1970s, the Council acquired the Beeston Boiler Company sports ground when that company was in a desperate financial position, and was able to build the Templer Road Estate, which borders on Beacon Road
and Hassocks Lane, Beeston, and continues to be indentified by its distinctivly patterned boundary wall.
- Also in the 1970/80s. the Council build a number of specialist units of sheltered accommodation, positioned centrally, below the High Road in Beeston, enabling older residents who were occopying homes that were now too large, io move there with emergency sipport and close proximity to shops and other community facilities.
- A number of Independent Living Schemes, such as Regency Court, The Willows and Bexhill Court, have been built in Beeston and elsewhere, to provide in-house support for the elderly, otherwise able to live independently.
Since the hey-day of council house building, the Right-to-Buy has changed the look and feel of the large estates that were built in Beeston and surrounding areas by the Council, between the wars and since the Second World War, for better or worse, depending on individual thinking. Whatever the case, they all remain as houses and homes for families - just what they were built for.
Private-Sector Housing in the Inter-War Period - the demand for council housing that followed the Great War that we have described, was certainly mirrored and, indeed, exceeded, by the demand for private sector housing in Beeston. This was supported fully by the Council and, depending on the political persuasion of the Government, encouraged
by a degree of subsidy. As we shall see, private builders were very active in this twenty-year period between the wars, such that much of the available land in the town became occupied by much-needed homes.
In this section we will, in due course, describe many of the larger of the resulting housing developments including the extension of Marlborough Road, Abbey Road, areas around Wollaton Road, Murial Road and Endsleigh Gardens, Peverill Road area, Queens Drive and Queens Road East, Henry Road, the Waverley Avenue area, Beeston Fields Drive, the 'Lake District' and probaby more. We start with the
continuation of an on-going story:
Earlier, we discussed the formation in 1881 of the Belle Vue Estate and its development to include Park Street, Enfield Street and Dennison Street. As we explained, its land was the acquired from George Fellows, the then current member of the family line that had built and lived at Belle Vue, the large house and associated farm at Beeston Fields, on the higher land to the north of the village, which
is now occupied by Beeston Fields Golf Club. To understand the development of this land in housing terms, we must first look at its history in the years that followed the Fellows era.
By 1910, it seems that George and his wife Emme Margaret, were looking to retire to live in Hove in Sussex. Needing to dispose of their Beeston property, they turned to the property entrepreneur, Albert Ball (who was then also the Mayor of Nottingham) for help.
Albert Ball - the man to go to to sell your Stately Home!
By the early years of the 20th Centuy, Albert Ball (shown left) had acquired a first-rate reputation for buying and selling estates and stately homes, all around the Nottingham area and beyond. Born in July 1863 in Lenton, Nottingham, the son of George & Lois (née Attenborough) Ball, he first followed his father in the plumbing trade before establishing himself as an estate agent, specialising
in redundant stately homes, with an office in Nottingham. Among his many spectacular deals were the purchase of Bulwell Hall in 1908, Papplewick Hall in 1919 and Upton Hall in 1936. In Beeston he was well known for leading a syndicate to acquire the silk mill after it had failed in 1903 and went on to develop the site, contributing greatly to a much-improved High Road – and demonstrated clearly his
style and methods. See more here. He was heavily involved in local politics and became Mayor of Nottingham in 1906, an Alderman in 1929 and was Lord Mayor in 1935. He was Knighted in 1924. In 1886, he had married Harriett Mary Page, and they went on to have four children. The elder of their sons, also Albert Ball, became the famous air-ace during the
Great War with 44 airborne victories to his name before he was killed in May 1917 and posthumously awarded the Victoria Cross, having previously gained the Distinguished Service Cross, with two bars, the Military Cross, the Legion d’honneur and the (Russian) Order of St George. A memorial to him stands prominently in the grounds of Nottingham Castle. Harriett died in 1931 and, in 1933, Albert
married Estelle Dannah. He died in 1948, in Bournemouth, aged 82.
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It was decided – in all likelihood, based on Albert Ball’s experience - to offer the house and the immediate farm area as one piece while the land between Dennison Street and what is now Bramcote Drive appears to have, for now, been retained, either by Fellows or Ball, still behind the distinctive tow of the estate’s trees that separated it from Wollaton Road, the remains of which can still
be seen today. This land will be discussed later below.
In the event, with Ball’s experience and contacts, the House and farm was sold, in October 1910, to Frank Bowden who was, by then, at the height of his career as the head of The Raleigh Cycle Company. Born in Exeter, Devon in January 1848, he was the son of William Bowden and his wife Louisa (née White). From the very early days of his career, Bowden showed a dedication to his work and an ambition to
go further. After training as a lawyer in a London office, aged 22, he applied for a position in Hong Kong and won the position against over 100 other applicants, with the then ‘huge’ salary of £300. This was an environment which offered him the opportunities to progress, and he did – in co-operation with his employer he invested successfully in the stock market and in property. But after a while he found
the climate debilitating and was forced to move on to San Francico where, by 1879 he had met and married Amelia Frances Houston, the daughter of Col. Alexander Houston. But his health issues continued and, in 1885 he returned to England with his wife and their two children who had been born to them in America. Four further children were born later, in England.
Now back in England, his health problems continued but a doctor he consulted recommended taking exercise on a bicycle and found this provided the heath boost he needed, cycling widely on the Continent – and it was to change his life dramatically in other ways too. After being impressed by the Raleigh bicycle that he had chosen, in 1888, he visited Nottingham and toured the Lenton area of Nottingham that was then
becoming a centre for bicycle innovation and found the firm of Woodhead, Angois & Ellis based in a small workshop on Raleigh Street – that had given the cycle its name. Seeing a new opportunity, Bowden offered to back the three men involved - Richard Woodhead and Paul Angois (who had originated the Raleigh cycle) and William Ellis (who had backed the firm commercially and financially) - using the money he
had made and the business experience he had gained in Hong Kong. In the following year, The Raleigh Cycles Company was incorporated with Bowden in overall control, having bought out William Ellis, Algois had become the Technical Design Director and Woodhead was the Factory Management Director. In 1894, Woodhead and Angois left the board leaving Bowden (and his son Harold) in complete ownership.
Within two years of Bowden’s involvement, business had already taken off. From only 100 bikes per year output it expanded rapidly. Having quickly outgrown the three small workshops and a greenhouse, on Raleigh Street and into Russell Street, that it had inherited, it took occupancy of space in nearby lace factories. By 1896, it had become the largest cycle -making company in the world and, within the following
years it had moved to purpose-built premises on Faraday Road, in Lenton, then covering 7.5 acres, producing 30,000 bikes each year, and later becoming very much bigger, in terms of space and output, with Bowden ensuring that automation and standardisation outpaced the inevitable competition in the worldwide market of which it was now such a major part. In the event, output was to more than double by
1914 and 1700 were employed, producing 60.000 bikes per year. More innovations and developments continued to be absorbed into the company including involvement in the Three-Speed Gear Syndicate (which took over rights to the Sturmey-Archer Gear system in 1903) and the production of motorcycles from 1906. After a financial crisis in 1908, Bowden agreed to secure the debts against his personal
fortune but only on condition that he had complete ownership, such that the company became private.
This was the position when Frank Bowden purchased Beeston Fields House and adjoining farm in 1910. At first, he and his wife occupied the house, during which time, a wing was added to the house and the lodge at the Wollaton Road entrance was built. They later moved to Bestwood Lodge, after which his son Harold Houston Bowden (b. 1880), his wife Vera (nee Whitaker) and their children lived there for a
while. During the Great War, military officers were billeted at the house.
In 1915, Frank was created a Baronet of the City of Nottingham and was to pass away in 1921, aged 73, at Bestwood Lodge, having just returned from one of his many trips abroad. His son, Harold Houston Bowden, took over control of Raleigh and the baronetcy.
Now, Beeston Fields House and the associated farm was back on the market and, in 1923, it was sold to Frederick Mitchell who, with his wife, Clara Amelia, was to go on to transform the site dramatically. Fred (as he was known) was born in July 1878 in Hyson Green< Nottingham, where the family were living on Adams Street. His father, William Henry Mitchell was born in Hyson Green in c1853 and worked as a
brass founder. His mother, Mary (née Dutton), was born in c1864, also in Hyson Green. They had married at St Pauls, Hyson Green on Christmas Eve, 1873 and their children were subsequently baptised there – Frederick on 2 October 1878, the fourth of their ten children.
In his early working life, Fred was apprenticed at Smith’s Foundry in Basford but he too was soon attracted to the then booming bicycle trade which, as we have seen, was then a big part of Radford – of which Hyson Green was part - and soon branched out on his own and set up a workshop on Beaconsfield Road in Hyson Green, making and selling bicycles. But interests were changing, and the motor car had become
the future and he soon made the transition to premises at the corner of Radford Road and Gregory Boulevard to take advantage of that market. After the war, in 1919. He bought a large area of land in Lenton – known as Radford Marsh – where he built a road which he named Triumph Road, marking his appointment as Nottingham’s Triumph Motors main dealer. He added workshops and a petrol station and – at the Derby Road end of the road,
a dealership showroom and offices. This dealership continued in his control for the remainder of his life and continued to prosper – indeed it added new showrooms, offices and workshops in 1961 – and was a clear landmark on that section of Derby Road at the time, though in recent times it was cleared, and Triumph Road has become part of a major development by Nottingham University.
In March 1902, he had married Clara Amelia Willoughby who was born in Bramcote, Notts in October 1878, the daughter of Henry Willoughby and Sarah (n£#233;e Doar) his wife. Henry was a farmer of 115 acres on Common Lane at the time of Clara’s birth and later of Beeston Fields Farm. Though this appears to be farmland on the eastern side of Wollaton Road, it was, perhaps, to be a particularly significant memory in
Fred and Clara’s future life. It was in 1923, that Fred brought his remarkable ability to get things right to Beeston when he purchased Beeston Fields and its immediate farm – some 65 acres – from Frank Bowden’s estate at what was apparently a ‘sacrificial price’. He and his wife would have been well aware of the property from the time when Clara’s father farmed nearby – though by 1911 he had moved back
to Bramcote and had died in 1922 – but it seems they had ideas for the property that went far beyond providing a home. It seems that Fred had, at first, wished to farm the property and, for that, he needed more land. The solution for this was clearly Bramcote Manor Farm extending to Chilwell and Bramcote to the west. Like most of Bramcote and much of Stapleford and some of Chilwell, this farm had been
owned by the Holden family, latterly Major Ernest Frank Holden of Bramcote Hall. but, in 1919, he decided to sell up and leave the district. Consequently, a comprehensive sale of his land and properties was held in May 1919 followed by a sale of the contents of Bramcote Hall in the following month. As part of the sale, Bramcote Manor Farm which included Bramcote Manor House, along with 135 acres of farm land, with the
ancient footpath from Beeston to Bramcote passing diagonally across, was purchased by its tenant farmer, Elias Joule, for £6000. Happily, Fred, was able to come to an amicable deal with Joule for the required land.
But before Fred’s farming ideas got underway, friends suggested to him that the site would be ideal for a golf course. Seeing the possibilities and as a keen golfer himself, he agreed and work on the golf course got under way. It was opened in December 1923.
Then, in 1925, Fred launched another initiative which again became a masterstroke and also particularly significant to this topic of the Beeston story -
Beeston Fields Drive is a private residential location which was laid out, utilising the land not required for the golf course. As can be seen from the plan, dating from its early days in 1926, from a two-pronged entrance from Wollaton Road, the road passes the Club House and continues gracefully towards Bramcote where it joins Cow Lane. The drive from the gatehouse on Wollaton Road to the house - now the Club house - is now rename
as Old Drive. Eagle Close is a relatively recent addtions to the community.
Given its overall design and proximity to the excellent golf course, it is perhaps not surprising that it attracted successful business and professional people, keen to be part of a top-rated community. Architect-designed houses soon appeared, surrounded by beautiful gardens, often with a swimming pool – such that Beeston had never seen before.
High quality home continued to be added and, by the time war arrived in 1939, it had already established itself as a top place to live and was to continue to maintain and build on that position after everyday life was resumed. Today, it is considered one of the most expensive and prestigious residential locations in Nottinghamshire.
In 1930, Fred was elected as a Councillor for Market Ward on the City Council and became Sheriff in 1935 and Lord Mayor in 1943. In 1962, he was made an Alderman and granted the Freedom of the City of Nottingham. Clarrie, his wife, passed sway in 1968 and, with increasing disabilities but with loyal support from those around him, Fred continued to take an interest in lifr st Beeston Field, practising golf shots
and tending the fruit in the greenhouse. He died in 1970, aged 92. He and his wife had no children, and control passed to his nephew, John Mitchell and he and his wife Peggy befan immediately to bring the facilities up to date such that the course remained one of the most attractive in the country. Then, in 2008, responsibility for the club passed to John & Peggy's daughter, Phillippa Marshall, who remains committed
to the high standards of the club with the modern facities that are required today. In 2012, the old walled garden, behind the Club House, that had meant so much to Fred Mitchell, was opened up and restored and now supplies fruir, flowers and vegetables for the restaurant as well as a becoming a perfect wedding venue. Without a doubt, Fred's vision for this wonderful location lives on.
There remains one other aspect of what was the Fellows land to be described. As we saw, when George Fellow's land passed through the hands of Albert Ball in 1910, the sale of Beeston Fields House to Frank Bowden in 1910, did not include land to the south, bounded at its north by what was then Bridle Road and is now Bramcote Drive. At the time
this appears to be arable land made up of three ancient fields, Far Church Field. crossed by the ancient track to Bramcote, The Eight Acres Field and Far Cow Field, in all totaling nearly 20 acres. To the south it was bounded by the Belle Vue Estate which we had already described. As things stand at the moment, it is not clear when, or if, this changed hands as a overall parcel of land, or
to whom - or, indeed, whether the Fellows family - or perhaps Albert Ball - took on the task of laying out the roads and offering it as building plots. What we do know is that by as early as 1913 - as we see on the map (below) from that era - the field to the west had been laid out as Hope Street, Louis Avenue and Cyril Avenue with Bramcote Road passing diagonally across, along the line of the ancient path to Bramcote. Although a few plots
changed hands in the first year or two and a few houses were built, inevitably, progress was suspended during the war years and, fpr the time being, the roads remained unmade. In the event, it wasn't until 1928 that the Council voted to make up the road on Bramcote Road and Hope Street with each plot subject to its share of the cost.
As can alo be seen, the remainder of the land in question, the two other ancient fields, that run up to Wollaton Road on the east, which were to become Fellows Road, Sidney Road and Holden Road, were also layed out below a more formal and eventually inhabited Bramcote Drive, in the years just prior to the Great War. In the period that followed, progress was slow on each of the developments, with the focus on providing council housing elsewhere. A few houses were built although those
that moved in had to contend with unmade streets and no pavements and kerbs in various degrees. Happily, things began to improve by the 1920s but it was 1929 before all aspects of road making was complete on Fellows Road snd 1933 on Sidney Road and, by that time, private house building was booming.
In the early years, houses were built on the development for individuals and speculatively by local builders in small numbers but this was to gain momentum once the streets were finished and the 1930s demand took effect. Many of the well-known local builders played their part - including G T Rice & Co Ltd, Charles Barnes, Edward J Boot, Ernest Burnham, R J Jewell & Son and H R Hofton & Son 95.
The Abbey Road area - Prior to the opening of the 20th Century, the area of land to the east of Wollaton Road and north of the village core, remaining largely undeveloped in terms of housing. One of the reasons for this was the area of gravel workings that was still active at the top of Villa Street and Stoney Street as well as the factories, latterly Wilkinson’s Anglo Scotian Mill, that had sprung up. Taken together, they formed a natural
barrier to development.
But, with the demand for housing continuing, the opening up of Marlborough Road, heading north from the eastern end of the High Road, led naturally to the opening up of Abbey Road, north of the gravel workings which linked it to Wollaton Road. In fact, it was a tight squeeze to fit it in between the gravel workings to the south and a long drive to the north, running from Wollaton Road to Cromwell House which had been built in about 1880 by the well-established Beeston lace manufacturer, John
Pollard. The house itself was situated at the end of what became Cyprus Avenue and was first occupied by John and his family. After his death in 1903, his widow, Eliza, continued to live there up to her death in 1922. Then, the property was occupied by John and Eliza's son, Arthur James Pollard and his wife Lillian and, following their deaths, both in December 1952, the house was demolished. Never-the-less, these boundary limits were never evident in everyday use and Abbey Road became an important and useful east/west connecting road north of the town centre.
During its first decade, as the above map from 1914 shows, house-building on Abbey Road was limited to the row of nine gabled houses on the north site near the Wollaton Road end, that became numbered as 7 to 23, as well as a row of hoses, numbers 28 to 50, on the south side. Following this, progress was held back by the temporary loss of demand following the transfer of the Humber Company and many of its employees to Coventry in 1908, leaving many empty houses. Although population growth was soon to
overtake this setback, the advent of the Great War in 1914 put a stop to housebuilding for the duration.
Following the end of the war in 1918 and the homecoming of many looking to settle down again, saw a massive demand for houses in Beeston, as it was generally, but it would be several years into the 1920s before real progress could be made. As we have seen, this was helped greatly by the council house building programme that the Council began in the Beeston Fields area at this time. What is less known but was also extremely important to progress on the housing front
was the Government subsidy scheme – then £100 for each house – granted to private house builders under the 1923 Housing Act, alongside Council House subsidies.
So it was that land on Abbey Road, as it was all over Beeston was once more in demand and, for a time, this led to a number of enterprising individuals acting as small-scale brokers, advertising plots of land and houses that were under construction.
One such person was Harold Latham who was to promote houses in Abbey Road and adjacent roads during the early years of this resurgence. As his regular advertisement, dated November 1923, from the Beeston Gazette and Echo shows (Right), he was then living nearby on Marlborough Road, and offering his services as an estate agent and later as a building contractor - apparently an enterprising man responding to the reality of the time. Born in 1895 in Worksop, the son of a grocer, he had
held a steady job as a clerk - probably for Players Cigerettes - before the war and had married Frances Underwood in 1907. Together, they had set up home on Marlborough Road and were to have four - perhaps six - children. But the war had changed everything. By 1915, he had volunteered and served with the Royal Army Medical Corps throughout the war and was discharged in 1919 with a small pension, suffering from malaria. Clearly facing a different and difficult world where employment
opportunities were hard to find, he set about doing the best he could for his family. But despite his efforts, progress was limited and, by March 1926, again reflecting the conditions of the time, he and his wife had responded to another widely offered attraction of that time and sailed from Liverpool to take up a new life in Alberta in Western Canada.
So it was that, during the remainder of the 1920s, there was a steady stream of houses and bungalows built on Abbey Road, undoubtably attracted and encouraged by the subsidy that was paid. As we have seen elsewhere. many of those were individuals who bought a single plot of land and had their own house or bungalow built on it but, some local small builders did acquire a plot or a few plots for speculative building. At least one pair was built by the local firm, H R Hofton.
Up until 1927, the road itself had not been paved, but by October of that year, residents – who would be paying the cost - had begun to request the Council that this should be done. By December, the plans were approved for the section between Marlborough Road and Murial Road and this went ahead. Similarly, the remainder of the road, all the way to Wollaton Road, was completed by the following Spring.
By then, the road had developed several extensions:
- Murial Road which was opened up, between 60 and 70 Abbey Road on the south side of Abbey Road into what had been open farm land and parallel to Marlborough Road, which it then joined after turning left at its southern end. The main section of the road was extended in 1935, towards a footpath that led through Roberts Yard to the High Road. It was given the name Endsleigh Gardens.
- Firs Avenue This short cul-de-sac was opened up in 1928, on the north side of Abbey Road at the side of number 51. Houses were only built on the western side with the first five, odd numbers 1 to 11, built and occupied by 1939. At the end of the road, there was then an entrance to the grounds of Cromwell House, then still occupied by members of the Pollard family. Following their death in 1952, as we have seen, the house was demolished. This allowed four more houses to be added
at the top of the road, during the 1950s.
- Abbey Drive This is another cul-de-sac on the north side of Abbey Road, opening beween numbers 43 and 47. It was developed in the 1930s and was substantially complete by 1939.
By the beginning of the 1930s, all but a small number of plots were built on, essentially with the variety of homes we see today. Almost the only exception was an open space on the south side, at the Wollaton Road end, which remained so until 1954 when a group of four council houses were built there, believed to be of a bigger size than usual, to provide for larger families. Earlier, in
1946, Abbey Road had been extended beyond Marlborough Road, linking to Warwick Avenue and Peveril Road to terminate at Hetley Road near the Lenton Abbey boundary. As we have seen, this new section then became the site of some of the first post-war council houses.
Ironically, Abbey Road is so well placed, relative to the centre of Beeston, that it very nearly became a key part of a ’Northern Ring-road’ scheme that was proposed in the 1970s but was, happily, overwhelmingly rejected. I am sure that residents and everyday users alike, much prefer it the way it is!
The Robinets Before and during the early part of the 20th Century, the area of fields, crossed by footpaths, known as the Robinets, that opened up at the end of West End, Beeston, offered pleasant walks and a playground for local people, young and old.
In about 1910, Richard Salt Piggin, his wife Anne and three of their adult children moved to live at Beeston House which stood at whar was then 10 West End at the north-east corner of the Robinets, with land extending south. Piggin, then aged about sixty-five had previously lived and traded in Long Eaton as a butcher and had enjoyed an essentially life-long interest in training horses,
sheepdogs and show dogs - one of which became a world champion - as well as riding to hounds. Now, he and his family set about establishing a riding school based around their home. It was to operate successfully for over twenty years, and, during these years, it was the venue for an annual charity carnival event which was a popular feature amongst the local population.
Naturally, the Great War years saw a different focus with sons Frederick and Harry both serving with the South Notts Hussars, Frederick in Salonica and Harry in France, each attaining the rank of Captain. Tragically, Frederick was drowned in May 1918 when the troopship he was on, was sunk in the Mediterranean - see more HERE.
In December 1931, aged 87, Richard died at his home in Beeston and was buried with his wife, who had died in 1924, at Dale Abbey, her birthplace. For the time-being, at least, their son Harry continued to operate the riding school at Beeston, but circumstances began to change such that pressures to sell and move on began to arise.
In May 1932, he sold a relatively small piece of his land - 2.5 acres - to the British Legion. Also, by then, work had started on the Beeston Bypass Road that extended Queens Road westward to Chilwell and Attenborough to connect to the Long Eaton road. This passed along the southern side of Piggin’s land such that, when it opened in 1933, it probably had a detrimental effect on its
suitability as a riding school site but raised its profile as a possible site for housing development and, already, a number of possibilities were being floated and explored.
It was around this time that Beeston Council, mindful that it would soon be amalgamated with Stapleford, Chilwell and other areas to the west of its traditional boundaries and realising that its existing headquarters in Beeston Square would then be inadequate, began the search for a new site. By January 1933, it had received an offer from Harry Piggin, offering to sell Beeston House and
its surroundings to the Council for £3,200. This being just one of several possibilities, the Council began what was to be a laborious process of weighing-up its options – a process that was to be drawn out over a period of nearly two years.
During this time, an alternative purchaser for the Piggin property came very much to the fore when Ernest Victor Hooley, a Long Eaton based architect and surveyor (who was to be described in 1939 as the ’owner of 2000 houses’) submitted plans to the Council, proposing the building of 318 houses on the land - said to have been 13.5 acres – on the grounds that scheme broke by-laws, there was
no drainage facilities available and the proposed layout was cramped with streets that were too narrow. Hooley contested this vigorously, put forward several alternative plans and appealed, unsuccessfully, to the Ministry.
Then in, September 1934, there was a breakthrough in what had become an impasse, when it became known that the Piggin property, as a whole, had been purchased by Mr L W A White 66, a Nottingham solicitor, apparently on behalf of others. Later that month it became clear that the Piggin property had been acquired by the
well-known Beeston builder, George William Brough and his son, George Leslie Brough. They, together with accountant Leslie A Tomlinson, went on to form a company – ‘Modern Cottage Homes Limited’ – which formed the vehicle for the development of the Robinets land. Brough went on to offer Beeston House, its garden and adjacent paddock, to the Council for £1500, to be used as the new Town Hall.
But the offer was nor accepted as, by that time, the Council had finally made up its mind to build a new Town Hall on Foster Avenue, Beeston. Plans for the new building were finalised and agreed by February 1936, the land purchase was completed and the building contract for the Town Hall, valued at £15,450, was granted to Hofton, the well-known local builder, It was opened in March 1937.
In May 1935, the Council gave approval to Modern Cottage Homes Limited for the design and layout of two roads - Georgina Road and Trevor Road - off the main road, Queens Road West - into the development. It also approved twelve houses to be built on the main road itself. Then, in September 1935, the company was granted permission for the design and name of Robinet Road. Construction was now
well underway and was to continue over the next four years - in fact, right up until the start of the war in September 193, which put a stop to house building for the duration. By this time in 1939, Barrydale Avenue had been added to the development as well as a few houses on Vincent Avenue. In all, some 230 houses had been built and occupied - approximately one each week. Certaunly, the price
was right - as the advert (Right), from that time, shows - just £20 up front and 11s/8d (about 59p) a week for rent and rates. It was another welcome boost to Beeston's housing needs.
Housing in Beeston Rylands - The relentless demand for houses in Beeston in the inter-war years, and the corresponding response by the local council and a very active private house-building sector, had, by the 1930s, resulted in a shortage of sizable areas of vacant land within the boundaries of the town itself. Of course, its amalgamation with adjacent communities
to the west was to provide an alternative solution in the longer term but the demand for a more local solution, driven mainly by continued local employment attractions continued for the time-being.
There remained one large area that was still available which now attracted interest, following the arrival of a major new employer – the Boots factory, on the Beeston/Nottingham border. Thus far, Beeston Rylands had remained relatively undeveloped for housing, despite being the home of the Ericsson factory, by then a major employer. Historically, Beeston Rylands had been a part of Beeston Parish,
situated in the lower-laying land running down to the River Trent and, from the late 18th century, to the canal, where a self-contained small community developed. Until the railway arrived in 1837, there was little more than open fields between the limits of the village core at the top of Dovecote Lane and the lock-keeper’s cottage. The railway – which was to define the northern limit of The
Rylands – brought a small amount of change when the area centred around the Boat and Horses inn became popular with railway day-trippers and villa housing appeared around the station, favoured by commuters from overcrowded Nottingham. By 1891, the area of mainly commuters’ villa housing, near the station on Meadow Road, had developed in an area which comprised Lilac Grove, Rose Grove, Laburnum
Grove, Lily Grove and Lavender Grove. Otherwise, the Rylands low-lying land, which had a reputation for flooding, remained largely unpopulated – although it did gain a popularity as a centre for sporting activities - throughout the 19th century.
The arrival of the Ericsson Telephones in 1903 (and its brief predecessor, National Telephone Company) had seen a small amount of housing built close to the factory – notably, Trafalgar Road and Victory Road – in the earlier years of the 20th century but for over thirty years, in the main, the growing workforce of Ericssons, preferred to live in the areas of Beeston beyond the railway track and
beyond – as was evident twice every day, when a long wave of cyclists made their way home for a mid-day meal and after work in the evening.
But, by the mid-1930s, several factors came together to increase a demand for more housing in The Rylands. In particular, Boots the Chemists had begun to build its magnificent factory astride the Nottingham/Beeston Rylands border, which would inevitably attract more workers to the town - all the more because this was also at a time when employment numbers at the Ericssons factory was increasing.
The first to make a move in response to this opportunity was the local builder, George Archer, whose business was based on Styring Street, Beeston, who in 1934, laid out a new street and built the houses there. to create Birch Avenue, between Meadow Road and Trent Road, immediately below Victory Road. He followed this with Grenville Road, immediately adjacent and below Birch Avenue.
But, by 1935, there was a much more substantial initiative when an astute, Nottingham-based investor, Max Nepolsky (Shown Right), having acquired a large parcel of land – some 57 acres, situated on the east side of Meadow Road, via Lilac Grove and lying south of the railway, with the Boots factory conveniently close to its eastern boundary and Ericssons withing easy walking distance. There,
he proposed to build some 900 affordable semi-detached homes and sixty shops, in a well-designed community, known as Cliftonside Estate. The houses were well designed in attractively laid-out streets and were built and fitted-out by a number of local building contractors. With the majority of the homes prices at £400, they were within the reach of the typical working man and his family who could
move in with a deposit of £20 and loan repayments and rates of 13s 3d (66p) a week. Even legal fees and stamp duties were included.
Nepolsky brought with him a wealth of experience to the project, having promoted a number of similar developments throughout the Midlands and beyond, including Coventry, Sutton Coldfield, Chesterfield and Liverpool. In total, these developments had provided some 4000 much-needed, affordable homes. Later. he developed the Wood Lane Estate, about 1500 homes, at Chaddesden, Derby - where ‘Max Road’
remains as a reminder of his involvement there.
He had an interesting history, having been born in October 1884 in the Russian city of Omsk, as Mordecai Nepolsky. After coming to England, he lived first in Liverpool and adopted the name Max. In 1906, he married Rachel Robinavitz (b. 1883, Grodna, Russia - now Poland) in 1906 and settled in Nottingham. Max became a Naturalised citizen in September 1912. Little is known about his early career
although it is believed that he trained and worked for a time as a cabinet maker. The couple had three daughters and the family lived modestly up to the mid-1030s in Nottingham, in the early years on Radford Boulevard and later on Arthur Street.
When taking on the Beeston Rylands project, Max first had to dispell the doubts that persisted regarding the vulnerability of the land to flooding – something that was reflected in a by-law that was in place that required a higher than usual building level – a requirement he felt was both superfluous and would add between £10 and £12 to the cost of building each of the 500 houses – eventually
1,037 – he intended to build His appear to the Ministry for an amendment to the by-laws in accordance with the contour of the land, was heard in May 1936. One witness, Arthur Ellis of Trent Vale Farm and the tenant of the land in question, stated that he had occupied the land for 35 years as a tenant and had never been flooded there. This was supported by others. However, after consideration,
the Ministry ruled that that the by-law would not be changed. As a result, the houses would have been built with the regulation height – and possibly with a possibly strengthened appeal to potential buyers.
So it was that building got underway on a large scale and the houses sold readily. Of course, when the war came in 1939, building had to be suspended but it is estimated that about 600 houses had already been built on the estate – along Beech Avenue, Ashfield Avenue. Maple Avene and around Lilac Crescent, West Crescent and Leyton Crescent. A small number of shops were built in Lilac Crescent but nowhere near
the origin intention of 60. Space was reserved on West Crescent for a church, in assciation with Beeston Parish Church. Its building finally got under way in 1951 and it was opened in July 1953 as St Marys Church 85. A pair of houses on Beech Avenue were destroyed by a bomb during the war but were replaced after the war.
Max went on to build on his successful venture in the Rylands when, in 1937/8, he built the Majestic cinema on the corner of Station Road and Queens Road, within walking distance of the residents on the Cliftonside Estate and another shrewd move but, no doubt, a welcome one for these residents. There is more about The Majestic here
There is little doubt that Max Nepolsky would have been keen to take this and his other projects further after the war but, sadly, it was not to be. He died in January 1945, aged only 60. leaving a sizable estate with effects valued at £322,644. In the event, therefore, it was left to others – including the Council, which built several areas of council housing – to carry on the development of
housing in Beeston Rylands, after the war. In recent years, this has included a large-scale estate built on the site of what was Ericssons factory now that it and its successors, Plessey and Siemens, have left. Beeston Rylands is certainly not the open space it was!
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This account of housing in Beeston will be continued, to include :
- More of the private-sector housing north and south of the centre in the 1920s/30s
- and perhaps more ...
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Notes
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© David Hallam - 2022
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